sempozyum_bildiri_kitabi

education and healthcare.
8
Nikki Keddie, “Introduction,” in Women in Middle Eastern History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex
and Gender, eds. Beth Baron and Nikkie Keddie (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 17.
9
Laila Ahmad. Women and Gender in Islam: The Historical Roots of a Modern Problem. (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1993),35‐36.
10
Mahmood Ibrahim. Merchant Capital and Islam.(Austin, TX: Texas University Press, 1991), 77ff.
11
Deniz Kandiyoti, “Islam and Patriarchy: A Comparative Perspective,” in Women in Middle
Eastern History History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender, eds. Beth Baron and Nikki Keddie.
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 27.
12
Richard Bulliet. Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative History.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), 18‐25.
13
Fahmi Daud. Al‐Ammah fi Baghdad. (Beirut: Ahliyya li al‐Nashr, 183), p. 237.
14
Rueven Levy. The Social Structure of Islam. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957), 126.
15
Quoted in E. I. J. Rosenthal. Political Thought in Medieval Islam. (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1962), 191.
16
Catarina Belo, “Some Consideration on Averroes’ views on Women and their role in Society,”
Journal of Islamic Studies 20 (2009): 1‐20.
17
Huda Lutfi,”Manners and Customs of Fourteenth Century Cairene Women: Female Anarchy
versus Male Shar’i Order in Muslim Perscriptive Treatises” in Women in Middle Eastern History:
Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender, eds. Beth Baron and Nikki Keddie. (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1991), 102.
18
Johnathan Berkey, “Women and Islamic Education” in Women in Middle Eastern History:
Shifting Boundaries of Sex and Gender, eds. Beth Baron and Nikki Keddie (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1991), 144.
19
Michael Chamberlain. Knowledge and social practice in medieval Damascus, 1190‐1350.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 52, 81, 113.
20
Al‐Jazari, Hawadith, vol. 2, 157.
21
Al‐Jazari, Hawadith, vol. 2, 138.
22
Al‐Jazari, Hawadith vol.3, 827.
23
Al‐Jazari, Hawadith, vol. 2, p. 375.
24
Nikki Keddie, “Women in the Middle East since the Rise of Islam,” in Women’s History in Global
Perspective, ed. Bonnie G. Smith. (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2005), vol. 3,
105.
25
Denise Spellberg, “History Then, History Now: The Role of Medieval Islamic Religio‐Political
Sources in Shaping the Modern Debate on Gender,” in Beyond the Exotic: Women’s Histories in
Islamic Societies, ed. Amira El‐Azhary Sonbol. (Cairo: The American University Press, 2006), 3.
26
Mohammed Arkoun. The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought. ( London: Saqi Books,
2002), 23.
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