La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII “I was once present at a trial of madness, where 20 witnesses swore that the person was as mad as a March hare, and 20 others, that he was as much in his senses as any man in England” (XII, 7). Otro aspecto interesante aparece en el discurso del abogado que habla de la liberación del pájaro de Sofía por parte de Blifil. Él comenta: “If the case be put of a partridge, there can be no doubt but an action would lie: for though this be Ferae Naturae, yet being reclaimed, property vests; but being the case of a singing bird, though reclaimed, as it is a thing of base nature, it must be considered as nullius in bonis. In this case, therefore, I conceive the plaintiff must be non-suited; and I should disadvise the bringing of any action” (IV, 4). La expresión Ferae naturae se refería a animales salvajes y pájaros para distinguirlos de los animales domésticos. La ley reconocía la posesión de los mismos si se capturaban y domesticaban. Los pájaros cantores, sin embargo, se consideraban de una naturaleza inferior, y por lo tanto, nullius in bonis, es decir, no eran la propiedad natural de nadie. Por lo tanto, si Western hubiese emprendido un litigio contra Blifil, no podría probar sus alegaciones y la sentencia le hubiese sido desfavorable. Quiero hacer notar que hay muchas más referencias menores que no afectan necesariamente a la trama ni alteran nuestra percepción de los personajes importantes, ni contribuyen decisivamente a delimitar los temas principales de las novelas, pero revelan determinadas situaciones o determinadas prácticas vigentes en la época. Por ejemplo, Adams admira al magistrado que no permitía que en su parroquia hubiese prostitutas ni tabernas (I, 16). Esta situación ilustra u corrobora la amplitud de los poderes de los magistrados en las zonas rurales y hasta qué punto se podían usar indebidamente en muchas ocasiones. Las disputas entre Barnabas y el cirujano arrojan luz sobre la negligencia de Barnabas a la hora de atender su parroquia. Otro ejemplo es la situación que se describe en entre el párroco y el caballero en la parroquia de Sir Thomas: “had reaped hitherto nothing better from the suits tan the pleasure (which he used indeed frequently to say was no small one) of reflecting that he had utterly undone many of the poor tenants, thou` he had at the same time impoverished himself” (I, 2) Esta descripción revela que tanto el caballero como el párroco son seres egoístas, al tiempo que denuncia la ineficacia de un sistema legal que permite que una guerra particular empobrezca a los arrendatarios inocentes. - 139 -
La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII EL USO DE LA TERMINOLOGÍA JURÍDICA EN LAS NOVELAS FIELDING Las novelas incluyen también, como no podía ser de otra manera, un uso muy amplio de terminología jurídica y de máximas y frases legales que se encuentran recogidas en el glosario que aparece al final del trabajo. Algunas veces Fielding usa términos legales para describir el comportamiento de sus personajes, por ejemplo, Lady Bellaston: “is contented with the possession of that of which another woman had the reversion” (XIV, 3) Este comentario se basa en una frase legal de la ley de propiedad que significa la vuelta de una propiedad a su propietario legítimo después de haber sido cedido el uso y posesión a otro. En Joseph Andrews, cuando se descubre que la sirvienta de los Towwouse mantiene relaciones con el posadero se dice que la chica ha sido sorprendida “with the manner”, una frase del código penal que se refiere a la captura de un ladrón con los bienes robados en su posesión. (I, 17) 35 . En el episodio en el que el coche en el que viaja Joseph es asaltado (I, 12) los pasajeros no actúan para socorrerle y pretenden justificar su inoperancia con diferentes excusas. A partir de ahí comienzan algunas bromas, entre ellas las del abogado que usa su jerga jurídica: “The lawyer likewise made several pretty jests, without departing from hid profession. He said, “if Joseph and the lady were alone, he would be the more capable of making a conveyance to her, as if his affairs were not fettered with any incumbrance; he’d warrant, he soon suffered a Recovery by a writ of entry, which was the proper to create heirs in Tail; that for his own part, he would engage to make so firm a settlement in a coach, that there should be no danger of an ejectment.” 36 35 “To be Taken with the Manner, is where a thief having Stolen anything is taken with the same about him, as it were in his Hands, which is called Flagrante delicto” (JACOB A New Law-Dictionary, s.v. Manner) 36 Según el O.E.D.: Conveyance: “The transference of Property (esp. Real property) from one person to another by any lawfula act...” Incumbrance: “A burden on property: A claim, lien, liability attached to property; as a mortgage, a registered judgement, etc,” Heir in tail: “the person who succeeds or is entitled to succeed to an entailed estate by virtue of the deed of entail...”; Ejectment: “The act or process of ejecting a person from his holding.”· - 140 -
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UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID F
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Hogarth’s frontispiece to Fieldin
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A Ana, Santiago y Juan
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CAPÍTULO II La Narrativa de Henry
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CAPÍTULO IV La Narrativa de Henry
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la
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continuación: La Narrativa de Henr
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Orden Terrateniente (Ideología ari
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Fecha 1658 1676 1684 1691 1697 1700
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2.1.5.1 Tyburn La Narrativa de Henr
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A lo que Harrison responde: La Narr
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid F
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3.3 EL DIVORCIO La Narrativa de Hen
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- La prima de Nancy. - El asaltador
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MALICE PREPENSIVE: Premeditación.
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WRIT: Orden judicial. La Narrativa
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Fuente: R. Porter, English Society,
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1 er Hijo 2º hijo 3 er Hijo 4º hi
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Military officer - Admiral £ 80 -
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A continuación se transcribe un re
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Persons disguised and in arms appea
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Who intitled to pardon. Justices to
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Hundred chargeable for damage susta
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3&4 W. & M. c.10 Prosecutions may b
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Yet worm-eaten it grows in little s
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And the Marriage to be solemnized i
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And the said Marriages to be null P
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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