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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

En Jonathan Wild, se menciona <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>portación cuando se hab<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> sus<br />

antepasados:<br />

“Thomas went very young abroad to one of our American colonies, and hath not<br />

been since heard of.”(I, 2)<br />

Posteriormente, se dice con ironía <strong>de</strong>l propio Wild:<br />

“Certain it is, whatever this acci<strong>de</strong>nt was, it <strong>de</strong>termined our hero’s father to send<br />

his son immediately abroad for seven years; and which may seem somewhat remarkable, to<br />

His Majesty’s p<strong>la</strong>ntations in America- that part of the world being, as he said, freer from<br />

vices than the courts and cities of Europe, and consequently less dangerous to corrupt a<br />

young man’s morals” (I, 7)<br />

También en esta nove<strong>la</strong> menciona <strong>la</strong> Ley <strong>de</strong> Deportación <strong>de</strong> 1718 186 ,<br />

con <strong>la</strong> que se pretendía terminar con el tráfico <strong>de</strong> bienes robados incluso el que<br />

se realizaba mediante agentes, como hacía Wild, que negaban haber tenido los<br />

bienes en su po<strong>de</strong>r:<br />

“ a great enemy to this kind of greatness procured in an Act of Parliament as a<br />

trap for Wild, which he soon after fell into.” (IV, 1).<br />

Aunque sin duda <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>portación era preferible a ser colgado, también<br />

ofrecía un gran riesgo. <strong>La</strong> ley <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>portación regu<strong>la</strong>rizó el sistema, que se<br />

convirtió en un negocio muy lucrativo. Un contratista tras<strong>la</strong>daba a los<br />

convictos a su costa y los vendía en subasta por el tiempo que duraba su<br />

sentencia. Los peligros <strong>de</strong>l viaje eran muchos y había muchas bajas, por lo que<br />

también había pérdidas. Un contratista calculó que, en un período <strong>de</strong> siete<br />

años, había perdido aproximadamente una séptima parte <strong>de</strong> su carga 187 .John<br />

Howard comentaba al respecto:<br />

“But certain it is, that many of those who survive their long confinement, are by it<br />

ren<strong>de</strong>red incapable of working. Some of them by scorbutic distempers; other by their toes<br />

mortified, or quite rotted from their feet; many instances of which I have seen.” 188<br />

186 Transportation Act 1718, (4 Geroge I, c. 2).<br />

187 L. & BARBARA HAMMOND, “Poverty, Crime and Phi<strong>la</strong>nthropy” en Johnson's Eng<strong>la</strong>nd, A. S.<br />

Turberville ed. Oxford, C<strong>la</strong>rendon 1933.<br />

188 JOHN HOWARD, The State of the Prisons, Everyman, ed. New York, 1929, p. 29.<br />

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