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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

“but are times in the state of man when comedy has a special worth, and the<br />

present is one of them: a time when the lou<strong>de</strong>st faith has been faith in a trampling<br />

materialism, when literature has been thought unrealistic which did not mark and remark<br />

our poverty and doom. Joy (of a kind) has been all on the <strong>de</strong>vil’s si<strong>de</strong>, and one of the<br />

necessities of our time is to re<strong>de</strong>em it. If not, we are in poor sort to meet the circumstances,<br />

the circumstances being the contention of <strong>de</strong>ath with life, which is to say evil with good, which<br />

is to say <strong>de</strong>so<strong>la</strong>tion with <strong>de</strong>light. <strong>La</strong>ughter may seem to be only like an exha<strong>la</strong>tion of air,<br />

but out of that air we came; in the beginning we inhaled it; it is a truth, not a fantasy, a<br />

truth voluble of good which comedy stoutly maintains.” 277<br />

2.2.2 EL MUNDO CERRADO Y SÓRDIDO DE JONATHAN<br />

WILD.<br />

En el prólogo <strong>de</strong> sus Miscel<strong>la</strong>nies, <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s que Jonathan Wild constituye el<br />

tercer y último volumen, <strong>Fielding</strong> hace algunos comentarios acerca <strong>de</strong> su<br />

versión <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> historia <strong>de</strong> este personaje. Indica, en primer lugar, que <strong>la</strong> historia<br />

que re<strong>la</strong>ta trata en realidad <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s acciones que Jonathan podría o <strong>de</strong>bería haber<br />

llevado a cabo. En segundo lugar, dice que <strong>de</strong>scribe <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>lincuencia en sí más<br />

que a un <strong>de</strong>lincuente concreto. Por último, puntualiza que no se trata<br />

necesariamente <strong>de</strong> una <strong>de</strong>scripción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> naturaleza humana en general. Hace<br />

su tan discutida distinción entre los buenos, los gran<strong>de</strong>s y los buenos y<br />

gran<strong>de</strong>s. Pero hay otro comentario menos <strong>de</strong>stacado que reve<strong>la</strong>, en forma <strong>de</strong><br />

metáfora, otra realidad presente en todos sus escritos:<br />

“However the g<strong>la</strong>re of riches and the awe of title, may dazzle and terrify<br />

the vulgar; nay, however hypocrisy may <strong>de</strong>ceive the more discerning, there is still a<br />

judge in everyman’s breast, which none can cheat or corrupt, though perhaps is the<br />

only uncorrupt thing about him. And yet inflexible and honest as this judge<br />

(however polluted the bench be on which he sits), no man can, in my opinion, enjoy<br />

any app<strong>la</strong>use which is not thus adjudged to be his due.”<br />

Continuando con esta metáfora en el mismo sentido, <strong>Fielding</strong> apunta<br />

que <strong>la</strong> conciencia, a <strong>la</strong> que <strong>de</strong>nomina como “un juez justo” que:<br />

“annexes bitter anxiety to the purchases of guilt, whilst it adds a double<br />

sweetness to the enjoyments of innocence and virtue.”<br />

En Joseph Andrews se ha visto como el personaje <strong>de</strong> Adams personifica <strong>la</strong><br />

auto-comp<strong>la</strong>cencia que supone <strong>la</strong> posesión <strong>de</strong> un alma inocente y serena, y<br />

también se han expuesto los peligros a los que está expuesta <strong>la</strong> bondad cuando<br />

carece <strong>de</strong> experiencia suficiente. En Jonathan Wild <strong>Fielding</strong> escudriña también<br />

277 C. FRYE, “The Mythos of Spring: Comedy”, en ROBERT W. CORRIGAN ed., Comedy: Meaning and<br />

Form, Chandler, San Francisco, 1965, p. 17.<br />

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