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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

hecho <strong>de</strong> que antes <strong>de</strong> que cualquier crítico pueda enten<strong>de</strong>r un trabajo en toda<br />

su extensión, tiene que tener en cuenta todos los factores, circunstancias<br />

opiniones, que contribuyen al mismo:<br />

“A stylistic analysis of the novel cannot be productive outsi<strong>de</strong> a profound<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of heteroglossia, an un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of the dialogue of <strong>la</strong>nguages as it exists in<br />

a given era … what is nee<strong>de</strong>d is a profound un<strong>de</strong>rstanding of each <strong>la</strong>nguage’s socioi<strong>de</strong>ological<br />

meaning and an exact knowledge of the social distribution and or<strong>de</strong>ring of all<br />

other i<strong>de</strong>ological voices of the era.” 9 .<br />

Por lo tanto, <strong>la</strong> nove<strong>la</strong> se convierte en un dialogo ya que:<br />

“A novel is <strong>de</strong>termined not only by its own subject and by the direct expression of<br />

a speaking person… but also by another’s word, by heteroglossia” 10<br />

Según Bathkin, para po<strong>de</strong>r llevar a cabo una interpretación más ajustada<br />

y más precisa <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s obras literarias sería necesario analizar todos esos factores<br />

que componen <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>nominada heteroglossia 11 , y que aparecen reflejados en <strong>la</strong><br />

nove<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>l siglo <strong>XVIII</strong>, especialmente porque proce<strong>de</strong>n <strong>de</strong> un pasado lejano:<br />

“Great novelistic images continue to grow and <strong>de</strong>velop even after the moment of<br />

their creation; they are capable of being creatively transformed in different eras far distant<br />

from the day and hour of their original birth” 12<br />

Después <strong>de</strong> todo lo expuesto hasta aquí, me parece necesario ofrecer<br />

una visión general <strong>de</strong>l contexto en el que se gestan <strong>la</strong>s obras narrativas más<br />

importantes <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong>, no como un escenario inerte sobre el que <strong>la</strong> creación<br />

literaria se <strong>de</strong>sarrol<strong>la</strong> sino como una parte <strong>de</strong>l propio trabajo literario a <strong>la</strong> que<br />

ningún autor podía sustraerse en ese momento. He escogido los aspectos, el<br />

punto <strong>de</strong> vista y los datos que, a mi juicio, ilustran <strong>de</strong> manera más c<strong>la</strong>ra los<br />

temas que se abordan en esta tesis.<br />

9 M. BATHKIN, The Dialogic Imagination, p. 417.<br />

10 Ibid, pp. 375-6.<br />

11 El concepto <strong>de</strong> “Heteroglossia”, se <strong>de</strong>fine <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> manera que sigue: “The base condition governing the<br />

operation of meaning in any utterance. It is that which insures the primacy of context over text. At any given time, in<br />

any given p<strong>la</strong>ce, there will be a set of conditions – social, historical, meteorological, physiological- that will insure that a<br />

word uttered in that p<strong>la</strong>ce and at that time will have a meaning different that it would have un<strong>de</strong>r any other<br />

conditions; all utterances are heteroglot in that hey are functions of a matrix of forces practically impossible to recoup,<br />

and therefore impossible to resolve. Heteroglossia is as close as a conceptualization as is possible of that locus where<br />

centripetal and centrifugal forces colli<strong>de</strong>; as such, it is that which a systematic linguistics must always suppress.” The<br />

Dialogic Imagination, p. 428<br />

12 Ibid, p. 422.<br />

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