La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII Pero no creo que ambos sean incompatibles, y eso queda claro sobre todo en las primeras novelas. Fielding hace uso del humor para atraer la atención y la simpatía del lector hacia sus ideas, para mantener el interés por la historia, para sorprender y por supuesto para entretener. Fielding es capaz de ver el lado humorístico en casi todas las situaciones. Precisamente su calidad como escritor de comedia hace que muchos de sus lectores queden atrapados por ella y no sean capaces de distinguir la realidad detrás de la misma. Esto hace que sea necesario una vez más investigar esta realidad para entender mejor su trabajo. Creo que Bell se centra demasiado en los elementos cómicos que sin duda existen, sobre todo en Joseph Andrews, lo que le lleva a infravalorar la sinceridad de las críticas de Fielding a las que considera “subordinadas al proyecto cómico” 83 . Sin embargo, yo creo que todas las escenas en las que se critica la ineficacia de los jueces o se arresta indebidamente a personas inocentes no son un puro convencionalismo cómico, y deben interpretarse más bien como una sátira y una crítica de la lamentable situación en que se encontraba la administración de justicia en el período. 2.1.3 LOS DELITOS Todas las alusiones a la ley son, inevitablemente, alusiones al delito. Las actividades consideradas delictivas también fueron en sí mismas objeto de intenso debate. Son muchos los ejemplos de delitos contemplados en el código penal de entonces que encontramos en las novelas. Creo oportuno ofrecer una clasificación y una descripción de los mismos 2.1.3.1 Clasificación de los delitos Una posible clasificación de los delitos en el período es la que atiende a su gravedad: ALTA TRAICIÓN (HighTreason), o traición al Rey de Inglaterra, considerada como el más grave de los delitos mayores (felonies). Las leyes del período describían cuatro tipos de alta traición: 1. “When a man doth compass or imagine the death of our lord the king, of our lady his queen, or of their eldest son and heir.” 84 83 BELL, Crime and Literature, p. 205. 84 BLACKSTONE, Commentaries, p. 586. - 165 -
La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII 2. “If a man do violate the king's companion, or the king's eldest daughter unmarried, or the wife of the king's eldest son and heir.” 85 This aspect pertains to carnal knowledge, forced or unforced, of a royal female. The intention of this law is to guard the royal blood from any suspicion of bastardy, whereby the succession to the crown might be rendered dubious 86 . It is important to note that in a monarchy, the transition of rule and the reign of the monarch must be unquestioned, less civil unrest result. 3. “If a man do levy war against our lord the king in his realm” 87 . 4. “If a man be adherent to the king's enemies in his realm, giving to them aid and comfort in the realm, or elsewhere.” 88 This aspect of the treason law pertains to trading with enemy nations, as well as trading with pirates. Many English colonies, including the American colonies, trading openly with pirates because the merchants could avoid the high English tariffs. Puesto que la Alta Traición era el delito más grave, se requería el testimonio de dos testigos para poder condenar a un reo. Generalmente se castigaba con la muerte. Según Blackstone: “The punishment of high treason in general is very solemn and terrible” 89 Ya he hecho mención al episodio en Tom Jones en el que Squire Western tras una discusión con su hermana dice que podría acusarla de traición y así el estado se quedaría con sus propiedades. 85 Ibidem, p. 889. 86 Ibidem, p. 890. 87 Ibidem, p. 891. 88 Ibidem, p. 892-3. 89 “1. That the offender be drawn to the gallows, and not be carried or walk: though usually (by connivance length ripened by humanity into law) a sledge or hurdle is allowed, to preserve the offender from the extreme torment of being dragged on the ground or pavement. 2. That he be hanged by the neck and then cut down alive. 3. That his entrails be taken out and burned, while he is yet alive. 4. That his head be cut off. 5. That his body be divided in four parts 6. That his head and quarters be at the king's disposal.” BLACKSTONE, Commentaries, p. 891. El castigo no terminaba con el sufrimiento personal del considerado traidor, sino que se extendía a toda su familia. La ley establecía que cuando una persona era declarada culpable de traición debía también sufrir la perdida de todos sus bienes (forfeiture) y lo que se daba en llamar “corrupción de sangre”(corruption of blood).Por lo tanto, la persona se veía forzada a dar todas sus tierras y propiedades al estado. La corrupción de sangre impedía que la familia cerca de la persona y sus herederos poseyesen tierra o tuviesen negocios, con lo que se arruinaba a la familia del convicto para siempre. El castigo para las mujeres acusadas de este delito era similar, pero difería del de los hombres: “For as the decency due to the sex forbids the exposing and publicly mangling their bodies, their sentence (which it to the full as terrible to sensation as the other) is to be drawn to the gallows, and there to be burned alive.” BLACKSTONE, Commentaries, pp. 892-3. - 166 -
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UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID F
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Hogarth’s frontispiece to Fieldin
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A Ana, Santiago y Juan
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CAPÍTULO II La Narrativa de Henry
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CAPÍTULO IV La Narrativa de Henry
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la
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continuación: La Narrativa de Henr
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A lo que Harrison responde: La Narr
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid F
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3.3 EL DIVORCIO La Narrativa de Hen
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- La prima de Nancy. - El asaltador
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MALICE PREPENSIVE: Premeditación.
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WRIT: Orden judicial. La Narrativa
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Fuente: R. Porter, English Society,
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1 er Hijo 2º hijo 3 er Hijo 4º hi
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Military officer - Admiral £ 80 -
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A continuación se transcribe un re
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Persons disguised and in arms appea
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Who intitled to pardon. Justices to
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Hundred chargeable for damage susta
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Yet worm-eaten it grows in little s
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And the Marriage to be solemnized i
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And the said Marriages to be null P
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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