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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

disdain Religion, Virtue, and Sense, … this is surely inconsistent, either with a<br />

wise Man or a Good Christian. …<br />

In the next P<strong>la</strong>ce, with respect to Fortune. Worldly Pru<strong>de</strong>nce perhaps<br />

exacts some consi<strong>de</strong>ration on this head, nor will I absolutely and altogether<br />

con<strong>de</strong>mn it. … Equipage for the Wife, and <strong>la</strong>rge Fortunes for the Children, are by<br />

Custom enrolled in the List of Necessaries; and, to procure these every thing truly<br />

solid and sweet, and virtuous, and religious, are neglected and overlooked.<br />

And this in many Degrees; the <strong>la</strong>st and greatest of which seems scarce<br />

distinguishable from madness. I mean, where Persons of immense Fortunes contract<br />

themselves to those who are, and must be, disagreeable to them; to Fools and<br />

Knaves in or<strong>de</strong>r to increase an estate, already <strong>la</strong>rger than the <strong>de</strong>mands of their<br />

Pleasures.”<br />

A lo <strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong>l resto <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> nove<strong>la</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> presenta a varios personajes<br />

que se casan por razones poco fundamentadas o poco éticas, y que<br />

posteriormente sufren <strong>la</strong>s consecuencias. <strong>La</strong> ironía particu<strong>la</strong>r <strong>de</strong> este amplio<br />

discurso <strong>de</strong> Allworthy es que ni su hermana ni el marido <strong>de</strong> ésta se casan por<br />

ninguna <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s razones virtuosas que él expone. Bridget se casa por lujuria y el<br />

capitán Blifil por dinero.<br />

Este matrimonio empieza a dar muestras <strong>de</strong> cansancio muy pronto, y<br />

tiene un fin <strong>de</strong>sgraciado, con <strong>la</strong> muerte inesperada <strong>de</strong>l capitán mientras sueña<br />

con heredar <strong>la</strong>s propieda<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Allworthy. Irónicamente, sólo hereda:<br />

“that Proportion of Soil, which was now become a<strong>de</strong>quate to all his future<br />

Purposes, and he <strong>la</strong>y <strong>de</strong>ad on the Ground” (II, 8).<br />

Como el matrimonio se basa en unos sentimientos equivocados, el<br />

fallecimiento <strong>de</strong>l capitán es, en cierto modo, su merecimiento por los medios<br />

que ha empleado.<br />

3.7.1.2. Tom Jones: un Hijo Ilegítimo frente al Matrimonio<br />

Una vez que el capitán ha <strong>de</strong>saparecido <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> escena, Tom, el niño<br />

huérfano, adquiere protagonismo. Sin embargo, su origen <strong>de</strong>sconocido marca<br />

todas sus acciones. Como fruto ilegítimo <strong>de</strong> una unión ilícita, no tiene<br />

<strong>de</strong>rechos legales. B<strong>la</strong>ckstone indicaba lo siguiente acerca <strong>de</strong> este asunto:<br />

“A bastard, by our English <strong>la</strong>ws, is one that is not only begotten, but<br />

born, out of <strong>la</strong>wful matrimony.” 176<br />

176 BLACKSTONE, Commentaries, I, p. 442.<br />

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