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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

los intereses particu<strong>la</strong>res <strong>de</strong> los ejecutores <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ley. Esta neutralidad se refleja en<br />

<strong>la</strong> explicación que le da a Allworthy refiriéndose a su conversación con los<br />

testigos <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> lucha entre Tom y Fitzpatrick:<br />

“I would not have your worship think I would, on any account, be guilty<br />

of subordination of perjury; but there are two ways of <strong>de</strong>livering evi<strong>de</strong>nce. I told<br />

them therefore that if any offers should be ma<strong>de</strong> them on the other si<strong>de</strong>, they should<br />

refuse them, and that they might be assured they should lose nothing by being honest<br />

men, and telling the truth. I said we were told, that Mrs. Jones had assaulted the<br />

gentleman first, and that if that was the truth, they should <strong>de</strong>c<strong>la</strong>re it; and I did<br />

gave them some hints that they should not be losers.” (<strong>XVIII</strong>, 8)<br />

Sus acciones estaban <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> legalidad literal, pero su puesta en<br />

práctica habría supuesto <strong>la</strong> con<strong>de</strong>na a muerte <strong>de</strong> Tom. Sin embargo, el narrador<br />

nos recuerda que Dowling no había perdido totalmente su humanidad en el<br />

ejercicio <strong>de</strong> su profesión, ya que en realidad:<br />

“an attorney may feel all the miseries and distresses of his fellow creatures,<br />

provi<strong>de</strong>d he happens not to be concerned against them” (XII, 10)<br />

Esta frase será el punto <strong>de</strong> partida para <strong>la</strong>s manipu<strong>la</strong>ciones veni<strong>de</strong>ras <strong>de</strong><br />

Dowling contra Tom. Se pone a <strong>la</strong>s ór<strong>de</strong>nes <strong>de</strong> Blifil, ya que cree que éste sigue<br />

<strong>la</strong>s instrucciones <strong>de</strong> Allworthy, por lo que está predispuesto en contra <strong>de</strong> Tom.<br />

Morris Gol<strong>de</strong>n comentó lo siguiente acerca <strong>de</strong> este personaje tan complejo:<br />

“Dowling estimates Tom’s attitu<strong>de</strong> toward Blifil on the basis of the legal<br />

assumption of universal selfishness; Tom had every right to expect a consi<strong>de</strong>rable<br />

legacy from Allworthy, “if not the whole; nay, if you had expected the whole, I<br />

should not have b<strong>la</strong>med you; for certainly all men are for getting as much as they<br />

can, and they are not to be b<strong>la</strong>med on that account.” Tom convincingly repudiates<br />

such selfish motives, to the <strong>la</strong>wyer <strong>de</strong>light ... Nonetheless, he willingly enters a<br />

conspiracy to <strong>de</strong>stroy Tom, allowing his selfishness and his principles of legal<br />

neutrality to outweigh the secret impulses of humanity.” 305<br />

En mi opinión, B<strong>la</strong>ck George es un personaje igualmente complejo en ese<br />

sentido, y creo que también en su caso se pue<strong>de</strong> emplear el patrón <strong>de</strong><br />

enjuiciamiento a diferentes niveles. A pesar <strong>de</strong> ser amigo <strong>de</strong> Tom, no pue<strong>de</strong><br />

resistir <strong>la</strong> tentación <strong>de</strong> robarle <strong>la</strong>s 500 libras que le da Allworthy cuando le<br />

expulsa <strong>de</strong> Paradise Hall. En su ba<strong>la</strong>nza personal, pesa más su propio interés<br />

que <strong>la</strong> amistad. En cierto sentido, <strong>la</strong>s penurias <strong>de</strong> su familia justifican más sus<br />

acciones en contra <strong>de</strong> Tom que <strong>la</strong>s <strong>de</strong> Dowling. <strong>La</strong> pobreza <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> familia <strong>de</strong><br />

B<strong>la</strong>ck George es semejante a <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>l asaltador <strong>de</strong> caminos, aunque <strong>la</strong> primera se<br />

305 GOLDEN, <strong>Fielding</strong>’s Moral Psychology, p. 48.<br />

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