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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>jando a <strong>la</strong> joven familia <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>r enteramente <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> caridad parroquial.<br />

Estos temores no eran infundados puesto que un párroco testificó que en<br />

muchas ocasiones <strong>la</strong>s parejas admitían que no se conocían más que una<br />

semana, un día o unas horas, y muchas tabernas empleaban a párrocos <strong>de</strong> Fleet<br />

como un servicio extra. 36 Existe una extensa documentación acerca <strong>de</strong><br />

matrimonios fraudulentos y forzados por parte <strong>de</strong> los clérigos <strong>de</strong> Fleet lo que<br />

agravaba <strong>la</strong> situación <strong>de</strong> abusos existente. Los registros que requería <strong>la</strong> ley<br />

estaban tan falsificados que eran completamente inútiles como prueba.<br />

Aparentemente, un sólo clérigo llegó a celebrar 36.000 matrimonios entre 1709<br />

y 1740. 37<br />

Los riesgos que tales uniones entrañaban, añadidos a <strong>la</strong> preocupación <strong>de</strong><br />

los padres por el bienestar <strong>de</strong> sus hijos, y a los intereses <strong>de</strong>l clero al verse<br />

privados <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s tasas que les correspondían por <strong>la</strong>s bodas, junto con una<br />

preocupación real por parte <strong>de</strong> algunos por <strong>la</strong> dignidad y honor <strong>de</strong> “sagrado<br />

estado <strong>de</strong>l matrimonio”, condujeron a un clima <strong>de</strong> opinión tal contra <strong>la</strong><br />

existencia <strong>de</strong> estos negocios matrimoniales, que muchos buscaron medidas y<br />

soluciones en los círculos par<strong>la</strong>mentarios y legales para terminar con este tipo<br />

<strong>de</strong> matrimonios ilegales <strong>de</strong> una vez por todas. Tobias Smollet, por ejemplo,<br />

<strong>de</strong>scribe en su History of Eng<strong>la</strong>nd <strong>la</strong> indignación social y el rechazo que<br />

producían este tipo <strong>de</strong> ceremonias:<br />

“The practice of solemnizing c<strong>la</strong>n<strong>de</strong>stine marriages, so prejudicial to the<br />

peace of families, and so often productive of misery to the parties themselves thus<br />

united, was an evil that prevailed to such a <strong>de</strong>gree as c<strong>la</strong>imed the attention of the<br />

legis<strong>la</strong>ture. The sons and daughters of great and opulent families, before they had<br />

acquired knowledge and experience, or attained to the years of discretion, were every<br />

day seduced in their affections, and inveigled into matches big with infamy and<br />

ruin; and these were greatly facilitated by the opportunities that occurred of being<br />

united instantaneously by the ceremony of marriage, in the first transport of<br />

passion, before the <strong>de</strong>stined victim had the time to cool and <strong>de</strong>liberate on the subject.<br />

For this pernicious purpose, there was a band of profligate miscreants, the refuse of<br />

the clergy, …[who] performed the ceremony of marriage without licence or question,<br />

in cel<strong>la</strong>rs, garrets, or alehouses, to the scandal of religion, and the disgrace of what<br />

or<strong>de</strong>r which they professed. The ease with which this ecclesiastical sanction was<br />

obtained, and the vicious disposition of those wretches, open to the practices of fraud<br />

and corruption, were productive of polygamy, indigence, conjugal infi<strong>de</strong>lity,<br />

prostitution, and every curse that could embitter the married state.” 38<br />

36 Ver BROWN, “The Rise and Fall of the Fleet Marriages,” pp. 127-129.<br />

37 HOWARD, A History of Matrimonial Institutions, I, p. 440, Un clérigo <strong>de</strong> Myfair llegó a celebrar un<br />

promedio <strong>de</strong> 6oo matrimonios al año. Una iglesia cercana celebraba so<strong>la</strong>mente 50 matrimonios<br />

regu<strong>la</strong>rizados al año, p. 443.<br />

38 TOBIAS SMOLLET, The History of Eng<strong>la</strong>nd from the Revolution to the Death of George the Second. Designed<br />

as a Continuation of Mr. Hume’s History, 4 vols. T. Ca<strong>de</strong>ll Strand, London, 1841, vol. 3, p. 100.<br />

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