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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

expensive show. But ultimately he cannot recognize that, although his knowledge of forms is<br />

more acute, it is not necessarily more accurate” 288<br />

Jonathan es incapaz <strong>de</strong> e<strong>la</strong>borar juicios precisos, en realidad no juzga, al<br />

menos en el sentido <strong>de</strong> sopesar los méritos re<strong>la</strong>tivos <strong>de</strong> una persona o valorar<br />

objetivamente una situación. Se limita a tratar <strong>de</strong> imponer su energía y su<br />

voluntad sobre otros. Esto también se refleja en su uso <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> terminología<br />

legal. Mientras que el narrador emplea los términos judge, judgement, judicious, y<br />

ape<strong>la</strong> a <strong>la</strong> capacidad <strong>de</strong>l lector para enjuiciar, este vocablo apenas si aparece en<br />

el discurso <strong>de</strong> Wild. A medida que <strong>la</strong>s imposiciones <strong>de</strong> Wild son más abusivas,<br />

los juicios <strong>de</strong>l narrador van siendo cada vez más severos. Después <strong>de</strong> que<br />

Jonathan <strong>de</strong>rrote a Roger Johnson y se adueñe <strong>de</strong> sus ropas, el narrador<br />

discute seriamente no sólo <strong>la</strong> falta <strong>de</strong> c<strong>la</strong>rivi<strong>de</strong>ncia <strong>de</strong> Wild, sino también <strong>la</strong><br />

inutilidad <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> “gran<strong>de</strong>za” <strong>de</strong> su vida.<br />

“To speak sincerely, there was more bravado than real use or advantage<br />

in these trappings. As for the nightgown, its outsi<strong>de</strong> in<strong>de</strong>ed ma<strong>de</strong> a glittering tinsel<br />

appearance, but it kept him not warm, nor could the finery of it to do him much<br />

honour, since everyone knew it did not properly belong to him; ... Thus these<br />

clothes, which perhaps (as they presented the i<strong>de</strong>a of their misery more sensibly to<br />

the people’s eyes) brought him more envy, hatred, and <strong>de</strong>traction, than all his <strong>de</strong>eper<br />

impositions and more real advantages, affor<strong>de</strong>d very little use or honour to the<br />

wearer; nay, could scarce serve to amuse his own vanity when this was cool enough<br />

to reflect with the least seriousness. And, should I speak in the <strong>la</strong>nguage of a man<br />

who estimated human happiness without regard to that greatness, which we have so<br />

<strong>la</strong>boriously en<strong>de</strong>avoured, to paint in this story, it is probable he never took (i.e.<br />

robed the prisoners of) a shilling, which he himself did not pay <strong>de</strong>ar for.” (IV, 3).<br />

El comentario entre paréntesis insertado en <strong>la</strong> última frase es una<br />

reflexión que implica el juicio narrativo al que ha estado sometido Wild a lo<br />

<strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong> toda <strong>la</strong> nove<strong>la</strong>.<br />

2.2.2.4 <strong>La</strong> Familia Heartfree y el Cautiverio <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Pasividad<br />

Si Jonathan es encarce<strong>la</strong>do por su retórica y por sobrevalorar su po<strong>de</strong>r<br />

<strong>de</strong> manipu<strong>la</strong>ción a través <strong>de</strong> sus p<strong>la</strong>nes y sus i<strong>de</strong>as, Heartfree termina en <strong>la</strong><br />

cárcel por su pasividad y por su predisposición a aceptar todo lo que le<br />

sobreviene. Es mucho más difícil hacer una valoración <strong>de</strong> este personaje que<br />

<strong>de</strong> Jonathan por diversas razones. Como Rawson puntualizaba, caracterizar a<br />

un vil<strong>la</strong>no <strong>de</strong> manera convincente es más fácil que caracterizar a un personaje<br />

íntegro. El tono cómico, <strong>la</strong> contradicción entre los dichos y los hechos que<br />

288 L. BRAUDY, Narrative Form, pp. 123-4.<br />

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