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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

“... The <strong>la</strong>wyer and Mr Robinson have been <strong>la</strong>ying their heads together about you<br />

above half an hour this afternoon. I overhead them mention Captain Booth, several times; and<br />

for my part, I would not answer that Mr. Murphy is now gone about the business; if you will<br />

impeach any to me of the road, or anything else, I will step away to his worship Thrasher this<br />

instant, and I am sure I have interest enough with him get you admitted an evi<strong>de</strong>nce.” (II, 9)<br />

<strong>La</strong> existencia <strong>de</strong> sobornos y perjurio disminuían <strong>la</strong>s posibilida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> un<br />

juicio justo. Jonathan Wild soborna a testigos repetidas veces. Blueblood le<br />

recuerda que, como cabeza <strong>de</strong> una banda, tiene el <strong>de</strong>ber <strong>de</strong> proteger a sus<br />

componentes mediante el nombramiento fraudulento <strong>de</strong> jurados (packing juries)<br />

y amañar <strong>la</strong>s pruebas.<br />

En Amelia se alu<strong>de</strong> a este hecho cuando Murphy discute con Miss<br />

Matthews <strong>la</strong> posibilidad <strong>de</strong> un arreglo para su caso y le indica que comprar al<br />

único testigo resultará muy caro:<br />

“If it had been in the street we could have had five or six witnesses to have proved<br />

the first blow, cheaper than, I am afraid, we shall get this one; for when a man knows, from<br />

the unhappy circumstances of the case, that you can procure no other witness but himself, he<br />

is always <strong>de</strong>ar” (I, 10).<br />

Más tar<strong>de</strong>, se menciona como el suegro <strong>de</strong> Trent paga 100 libras para<br />

eliminar a un testigo <strong>de</strong> su falsificación (forgery). Este <strong>de</strong>lito era consi<strong>de</strong>rado<br />

“traversable” esto es, podía ser ava<strong>la</strong>do y negado ante <strong>la</strong> ley, por lo que era fácil<br />

encontrar <strong>la</strong> manera <strong>de</strong> salir impune 134 (I, 4). <strong>Fielding</strong> comenta irónicamente<br />

refiriéndose a <strong>la</strong>s leyes <strong>de</strong> presentación <strong>de</strong> pruebas que se mencionan en este<br />

caso que se trata <strong>de</strong>:<br />

“a <strong>la</strong>w very excellently calcu<strong>la</strong>ted for the preservation of the lives of his majesty’s<br />

roguish subjects, and most notably used for that purpose” (XI; 3) 135 .<br />

Incluso cuando <strong>la</strong>s pruebas se presentaban <strong>de</strong> manera correcta, es <strong>de</strong>cir,<br />

sin perjurio o sin <strong>de</strong>scalificación <strong>de</strong> los testigos, también se podía evitar que <strong>la</strong><br />

justicia funcionase. El carcelero en Amelia (I, 10) dice:<br />

“I have known [Murphy] often succeed against the most positive evi<strong>de</strong>nce”<br />

134 <strong>La</strong> nota a pie <strong>de</strong> página en <strong>la</strong> edición <strong>de</strong> David Blewett, Penguin C<strong>la</strong>ssics, Harmmondsworth,<br />

1987 dice lo siguiente: “By removing the indictment by certiorari into the King´s Bench, the trial is so long<br />

postponed an d the costs are so encreased, that prosecutors are often tired out, and some incapacitated from pursuing.<br />

Verbum Sapienti.” Certiorari: Or<strong>de</strong>n emitida por un alto tribunal para que <strong>la</strong> documentación <strong>de</strong> un<br />

caso se transfiera a un tribunal <strong>de</strong> rango inferior.<br />

135 En <strong>la</strong> Sección IX <strong>de</strong>l trabajo <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> Enquiry, ya mencionada en el capítulo anterior, se refleja<br />

<strong>la</strong> opinión <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> a este respecto.<br />

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