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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

Los gobernadores civiles (Sheriffs) no hacían más que inspecciones<br />

esporádicas e irregu<strong>la</strong>res y <strong>la</strong> disciplina interna muchas veces estaba organizada<br />

por los propios grupos <strong>de</strong> prisioneros, como se <strong>de</strong>scribe en Jonathan Wild. En<br />

Amelia (I, 4), aparecen algunos ejemplos <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> conducta que adoptaban los<br />

presos con respecto <strong>de</strong> los recién llegados y <strong>de</strong> los mecanismos <strong>de</strong> disciplina<br />

interna que ellos mismos regu<strong>la</strong>ban:<br />

“A great noise now arose, occasioned by the prisoners all flocking to see a fellow<br />

whipt for petty <strong>la</strong>rceny, to which he was con<strong>de</strong>mned by the Court of Quarter Sessions but<br />

this soon en<strong>de</strong>d in the disappointment of the spectators; fort he fellow, after being stript,<br />

having advanced another sixpence, was discharged untouched.<br />

This was immediately followed by another bustle. Blear-Eyed Moll and several of<br />

her companions, having got possession of a man who was committed for certain odious<br />

unmanlike practices, not fit to be named, were giving him various kind of discipline, and<br />

would probably have put an end to him, had he not be rescued out of their hands by<br />

authority.” (I, 4)<br />

Dentro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> prisión cada uno <strong>de</strong> los pabellones constituía una pequeña<br />

comunidad En cada pabellón había un grupo <strong>de</strong> prisioneros, conocidos como<br />

“wardsmen”, elegidos por el gobernador <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> prisión y a quienes se pagaban<br />

sobornos abiertamente.<br />

Cuando <strong>Fielding</strong> <strong>de</strong>scribe <strong>la</strong> llegada <strong>de</strong> Booth a <strong>la</strong> Newgate, en su triste<br />

<strong>de</strong>scripción <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> situación <strong>de</strong> los presos no es tan explícito como lo sería en<br />

1776 William Smith, al <strong>de</strong>scribir a algunos <strong>de</strong> los ocupantes <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s prisiones <strong>de</strong><br />

Middlesex:<br />

“·... vagrants and disor<strong>de</strong>rly women of the very lowest and most wretched c<strong>la</strong>ss of<br />

human beings, almost naked, with only a few filthy rages almost <strong>la</strong>ve with vermin, their<br />

bodies rotting with distemper, and covered with itch, scorbutic and venereal ulcers” 213<br />

<strong>La</strong> <strong>de</strong>scripción <strong>de</strong> Blear-Eyed Moll en su aproximación a Booth no es,<br />

<strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> luego, tan cruda. Los adjetivos <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> están calcu<strong>la</strong>dos para dar i<strong>de</strong>a<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> miseria <strong>de</strong>l atuendo y <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>ncia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> persona, pero tratando <strong>de</strong><br />

imprimir, una vez más, un cierto toque humorístico que recuerda un tanto a <strong>la</strong>s<br />

“amazonas” que toman parte en <strong>la</strong> batal<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>l cementerio en Tom Jones. Sin<br />

embargo, a pesar <strong>de</strong> lo contenido <strong>de</strong> su <strong>de</strong>scripción, es posible imaginar el<br />

ambiente <strong>de</strong> miseria y <strong>de</strong>ca<strong>de</strong>ncia reinante en el interior <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> prisión. <strong>La</strong>s<br />

imágenes que se nos transmiten <strong>la</strong> nove<strong>la</strong> coinci<strong>de</strong>n en lo esencial con el texto<br />

<strong>de</strong> Smith.<br />

213 PORTER, English Society, p. 139.<br />

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