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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

En segundo lugar, es preciso recordar que <strong>Fielding</strong> preten<strong>de</strong> retratar en<br />

Sophia a una mujer <strong>de</strong> un carácter y <strong>de</strong> una moralidad muy <strong>de</strong>licadas. Es una<br />

persona respetable y <strong>de</strong> honor. En ningún otro momento se ven tan<br />

c<strong>la</strong>ramente estos rasgos tan altruistas como en su último encuentro con Tom<br />

antes <strong>de</strong> que Allworthy lo expulse <strong>de</strong> su casa. En este encuentro Sophia<br />

promete no casarse con Blifil pero no pue<strong>de</strong> dar a Tom ninguna esperanza <strong>de</strong><br />

que se casará con él. El siguiente extracto nos ayuda a profundizar en un<br />

aspecto muy importante <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s re<strong>la</strong>ciones paterno-filiales en el siglo <strong>XVIII</strong>: los<br />

<strong>de</strong>beres filiales frente a <strong>la</strong> elección personal.<br />

“A<strong>la</strong>s!”, says she, “Mr. Jones, whither will you drive me? What hope<br />

have I to bestow? You Know my father’s Intentions.” – “But I know,” answered<br />

he, “your Compliance with them cannot be compelled.” – “What,” says she, “must<br />

be the dreadful Consequence of my Disobedience? My own Ruin is may least<br />

Concern. I cannot bear the Thought of being the Cause of my Father’s Misery.” –<br />

“He is himself the Cause,” cries Jones, “by exacting a Power over you which<br />

Nature has not given him.” (VI, 8).<br />

Jones razona a<strong>de</strong>cuadamente que un padre no tiene <strong>de</strong>recho a forzar a<br />

un hijo a casarse contra su voluntad. Sin embargo, no había ninguna<br />

posibilidad legal para evitarlo. Los matrimonios arreg<strong>la</strong>dos, ya lo hemos visto,<br />

habían sido una realidad a lo <strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong> siglos. y en 1749 <strong>la</strong> costumbre era que un<br />

hijo tuviese <strong>la</strong> obligación natural <strong>de</strong> obe<strong>de</strong>cer al padre hasta que alcanzase <strong>la</strong><br />

mayoría edad a pesar <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s nuevas ten<strong>de</strong>ncias en lo re<strong>la</strong>tivo a <strong>la</strong> elección <strong>de</strong><br />

consorte. Es importante <strong>de</strong>stacar que tal obligación no estaba todavía<br />

contemp<strong>la</strong>da por <strong>la</strong> ley. B<strong>la</strong>ckstone reflexiona acerca <strong>de</strong> esta costumbre y <strong>de</strong><br />

cómo llegó a convertirse en ley:<br />

“The consent or concurrence of the parent to the marriage of his child<br />

un<strong>de</strong>r age, was also directed by our ancient <strong>la</strong>w to be obtained: but now [<strong>de</strong>spués<br />

<strong>de</strong> 1753] it is absolutely necessary; for without it the contract is void. And this<br />

also is another means, which the <strong>la</strong>w has put into the parent’s hands, in or<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

better to discharge his duty; first, of protecting his children from the snares of artful<br />

and <strong>de</strong>signing persons; and next, of settling them properly in life, by preventing the<br />

ill consequences of too early and precipitate marriages. …<br />

The legal power of a father (for a mother, as such, is entitled to no power,<br />

but only reverence and respect) the power of a father, I say, over the persons of his<br />

children ceases at the age of twenty-one: for they are then enfranchised by arriving at<br />

years of discretion, or that point which the <strong>la</strong>w has established … when the empire<br />

of the father, or other guardian, gives p<strong>la</strong>ce to the empire of reason.” 182<br />

182 BLACKSTONE, Commentaries, I, pp. 441-2.<br />

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