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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

“A genteel young man and woman were then set forward, and a very grave looking<br />

person swore he caught them in a situation which we cannot as particu<strong>la</strong>rly <strong>de</strong>scribe here as<br />

he did before the magistrate; who, having received a wink from his clerk, <strong>de</strong>c<strong>la</strong>red with much<br />

warmth that the fact was incredible and impossible he presently discharged the accused<br />

parties, and was going, without any evi<strong>de</strong>nce to commit the accused of perjury; but this the<br />

clerk dissua<strong>de</strong>d him from, saying, he doubted whether a Justice of Peace had any such power.<br />

The Justice first differed in opinion; and said, “He had seen man stand in the pillory about<br />

perjury; nay he had known a man in goal for it too; and how came he there, if he was not<br />

committed thither?” “Why that is true, sir answered the clerk” And yet I have been told by<br />

a very great <strong>la</strong>wyer, that a man can’t be committed for perjury before he is indicted; and the<br />

reason is I believe, because it is not against the peace before the indictment makes it so.”<br />

“Why that may be,” cries the Justice; “and in<strong>de</strong>ed perjury is but scandalous words, and I<br />

know a man can't have no warrant for those, unless you put for rioting them into the<br />

warrant.”<br />

Después <strong>de</strong> oír todo esto, <strong>la</strong> mujer acusada en primera instancia se<br />

<strong>de</strong>ci<strong>de</strong>, alentada por este discurso y seguramente por el resultado positivo que<br />

le había proporcionado el soborno, a acusar al testigo <strong>de</strong> perjurio “for that he<br />

had called her whore several times”. Y a falta <strong>de</strong> fiadores y <strong>de</strong> otros posibles avales<br />

económicos, el testigo fue conducido a <strong>la</strong> cárcel sin posibilidad alguna <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong>rse, o <strong>de</strong> hacer valer su inocencia.<br />

Ya he mencionado como <strong>la</strong> actitud <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> en el ejercicio <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

magistratura fue muy diferente <strong>de</strong> todo esto. Su educación, su conocimiento<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ley y su interés por <strong>la</strong> misma hicieron que su trabajo fuese<br />

verda<strong>de</strong>ramente profesional 49 . Los ingresos máximos que podía esperar<br />

obtener eran <strong>de</strong> unas 500 libras al año. Su pre<strong>de</strong>cesor, De Veil, hacía a<strong>la</strong>r<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

haber ganado 1000 libras al año. <strong>Fielding</strong> se ocupó <strong>de</strong> muchos más casos que<br />

De Veil, pero sólo fue capaz <strong>de</strong> ganar un tercio <strong>de</strong> esa cantidad:<br />

“On the contrary, by composing instead of inf<strong>la</strong>ming, the quarrels of the porters<br />

and beggars (which I blush when I say hath not been universally practised) and by refusing<br />

to take a shilling from a man who most undoubtedly would not have another left, I had<br />

reduced an income of about 500 l. a year of the dirtiest money upon earth, to little more<br />

than 300 l.; a consi<strong>de</strong>rable proportion of which remained with my clerk.” 50<br />

49 MACEY en Money and the Novel. Mercenary Motivation in Defoe and his Immediate Successors, Sono Nis<br />

Press, British Columbia, 1983, p. 122, dice que <strong>la</strong> actitud <strong>de</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> hacia el dinero era muy<br />

diferente <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> otros escritores como Defoe o Richardson por lo que se <strong>de</strong>spren<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> sus<br />

nove<strong>la</strong>s. A pesar <strong>de</strong> no ser rico, su actitud hacia el dinero es mucho más “aristocratica”, tal vez por<br />

<strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> que <strong>la</strong> riqueza aristocrática era originariamente un privilegio y no fruto <strong>de</strong> los negocios. En<br />

todo caso, <strong>Fielding</strong> se mostró tanto en sus nove<strong>la</strong>s como en <strong>la</strong> vida real muy poco preocupado por<br />

el dinero, y <strong>de</strong> hecho no fue nunca capaz <strong>de</strong> administrarlo correctamente.<br />

50 Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon, Introducción, 1755.<br />

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