La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII magnitud que la reducción del número de presos por esa causa era un asunto de la mayor importancia. Muchas familias se veían sumidas en la desgracia porque quien ganaba el sustento de la casa estaba en prisión o había huido para escapar del arresto. Fielding establece el siguiente símil en Tom Jones: “Western beheld the deplorable condition of his daughter with no more contrition or remorse, than the turnkey of Newgate fells at viewing the agonies of a tender wife when taking her last farewell of her condemned husband: or rather he looked down on her with the same emotions which arise in an honest fair tradesman, who sees his debtor dragged to prison for 10 pound which, though just a debt, the wretch is unable to pay.” (XVI, 2) Muchos aprendices se encontraban sin trabajo porque sus patrones estaban confinados en The Mint, (antes de 1724) o en los límites de la corte (Verge of the Court) 232 como le ocurría a Booth, en ultramar, o en la prisión para deudores sin esperanza de perdón. Esto contribuía sin duda a que más personas se viesen en situación de tener que recurrir a medias desesperadas para sobrevivir con lo que no resulta extraño que la criminalidad viviese uno de sus peores momentos en la primera mitad del siglo. La prisión por deudas tenía, por lo tanto, una gran parte de responsabilidad en lo incierto de la vida, que era una característica de aquel tiempo en Inglaterra 233 . La bebida, el juego y las deudas eran los eslabones de 232 Las zonas llamadas “Liberties” eran espacios que quedaban justo detrás de las murallas de la ciudad que disfrutaban de determinadas exenciones y privilegios porque habían sido alguna vez el asentamiento de monasterios, y que en consecuencia, se convirtieron en lugares de refugio para deudores, refugiados y criminales de toda clase. En 1712 sólo quedaba la llamada “Liberty of the Mint”en Southwark. Pero los emplazamientos de las Liberties de Fleet, Whitefriars etc. siguieron siendo zonas de refugio de los delincuentes El límite de la corte (Verge of the Court) era una zona relacionada históricamente con la “Paz del Rey” (“King’s Peace”) que se extendía alrededor de doce millas de la corte allá donde se encontrase. Dentro de esta área las autoridades civiles ordinarias no tenían jurisdicción, por lo que cualquier delito cometido dentro de los límites de esta zona se consideraba un delito contra la persona del rey y dependía del mariscal de la casa real y del “Lord Steward”. El límite de la corte se había ido reduciendo gradualmente hasta que en el período en el que se desarrolla Amelia el término se usaba para designar un barrio situado cerca de Whitehall y St. James’s en el que los delincuentes podían vivir sin ser arrestados por los agentes de la ley ordinarios. Era una zona en la que se refugiaban muchos deudores. Para más información acerca de esta zona ver JOHN C. STEPHENS, “The Verge of the Court and Arrest for Debt in Fielding’s Amelia”, Modern Language Notes, February, 1948. 233 Otra práctica abusiva de la época que se conocía como “Buying carcasses” (compra de cuerpos), estaba también en conexión con la problemática del endeudamiento. Consistía en lo siguiente: “... when a tradesman has not money to pay, the publican inquires what kind of workman he is; if he is informed that he is a very ingenious man, he then encourages him to drink till he gets considerably in debt for which he passes his note of hand, which the publican sells to some other person in the same trade with the debtor, who is obliged to work for his creditor or go to jail. By this means workmen are enticed to drink and inveigled from their masters.” D. GEORGE, London Life, p. 126. - 238 -
The legal Process for the collection of debts: an instrument in the hands of the creditor Creditor proceeds against debtor's property By seizing it By having sheriff auction it Debtor goes to prison Creditor brings suit Writ for arrest issued Summons issued Debtor arrested Decided pro creditor Decided pro debtor Creditor proceeds against debtor's body Debtor in prison Debtor puts up bail Suit comes to trial Mesne Process Final process Fuente: Joanna Innes, “The King’s Bench Prison in the later eighteenth century: law, authority and order in a London Debtor’s prison”, en An Ungobernable People. The English and their law in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, ed. John Brewer & John Styles, Hutchinson, London, 1983, p. 252.
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UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID F
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Hogarth’s frontispiece to Fieldin
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A Ana, Santiago y Juan
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CAPÍTULO II La Narrativa de Henry
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CAPÍTULO IV La Narrativa de Henry
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la
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continuación: La Narrativa de Henr
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Orden Terrateniente (Ideología ari
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Fecha 1658 1676 1684 1691 1697 1700
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LAS LEYES DE JUEGO La Narrativa de
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2.1.1.4 Jueces y Magistrados La Nar
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PRINCIPAL HIGHWAYS IN LONDON Fuente
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2.1.5.1 Tyburn La Narrativa de Henr
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A lo que Harrison responde: La Narr
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid F
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3.3 EL DIVORCIO La Narrativa de Hen
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- La prima de Nancy. - El asaltador
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MALICE PREPENSIVE: Premeditación.
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WRIT: Orden judicial. La Narrativa
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Fuente: R. Porter, English Society,
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1 er Hijo 2º hijo 3 er Hijo 4º hi
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Military officer - Admiral £ 80 -
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A continuación se transcribe un re
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Persons disguised and in arms appea
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Who intitled to pardon. Justices to
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Hundred chargeable for damage susta
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3&4 W. & M. c.10 Prosecutions may b
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Yet worm-eaten it grows in little s
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And the Marriage to be solemnized i
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And the said Marriages to be null P
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And the Books to belong to the Pari
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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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