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La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

La Narrativa de Henry Fielding y la Sociedad Inglesa del Siglo XVIII

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<strong>La</strong> <strong>Narrativa</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Henry</strong> <strong>Fielding</strong> y <strong>la</strong> <strong>Sociedad</strong> <strong>Inglesa</strong> <strong>de</strong>l <strong>Siglo</strong> <strong>XVIII</strong><br />

pagar semejantes lujos. Algunos se separaban amistosamente. Otros recurrían<br />

a un sistema <strong>de</strong> divorcio que consistía en <strong>la</strong> venta <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> esposa. Esta practica se<br />

remontaba al final <strong>de</strong>l siglo XVI, cuando se convirtió en algo común pagar por<br />

los <strong>de</strong>rechos sobre <strong>la</strong>s personas, incluidas <strong>la</strong>s esposas. Esta era, naturalmente,<br />

una práctica ilegal que <strong>la</strong> Iglesia sancionaba duramente si era capaz <strong>de</strong><br />

encontrar a los culpables, cosa que raras veces sucedía. 98 Con el paso <strong>de</strong>l<br />

tiempo, <strong>la</strong> autoridad y <strong>la</strong> influencia <strong>de</strong> los tribunales eclesiásticos <strong>de</strong>cayó y el<br />

rigor <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ley <strong>de</strong> 1753 hizo que esta práctica se extendiese por el sur <strong>de</strong><br />

Ing<strong>la</strong>terra. 99 Stone transcribe el ritual <strong>de</strong> un comentarista en 1777:<br />

“Among the common people, a method is sometimes practised of dissolving<br />

a marriage, no less singu<strong>la</strong>r than compendious. When a husband and wife find<br />

themselves heartily tired of each other, and agree to part; if the man has a mind to<br />

authenticate the inten<strong>de</strong>d separation by making it a matter of public notoriety,<br />

thinking with Petruchio, that his wife is his goods and chattels, he puts a halter<br />

about her neck and thereby leads her to the next market p<strong>la</strong>ce, and there puts her<br />

up to auction to be sold to the best bid<strong>de</strong>r, as though she was a brood-mare or a<br />

milk cow. A purchaser is generally provi<strong>de</strong>d beforehand on these occasions, for it<br />

can hardly be supposed that the <strong>de</strong>licate female would submit to such public<br />

indignity unless she was sure of being purchased when brought to the market. To<br />

the highest bid<strong>de</strong>r, the husband, by <strong>de</strong>livering up the end of the halter, makes a<br />

formal and absolute surren<strong>de</strong>r of is wife, and, as he imagines, at once absolves her<br />

and himself from all the obligations inci<strong>de</strong>nt to marriage! - Although there are none<br />

so high as to be above the notice of the <strong>la</strong>w; yet it should be seem by this instance,<br />

there are some so low as to disregard its notice, thinking mutual consent <strong>la</strong>w enough<br />

to set them free, little dreading remorse of conscience, and less the anathemas of the<br />

church.” 100<br />

El elemento c<strong>la</strong>ve era hacer el máximo <strong>de</strong> publicidad, para lo que se<br />

escogía un día en el mercado <strong>de</strong> ganado. Esta publicidad garantizaba <strong>la</strong><br />

concurrencia activa <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> comunidad y <strong>la</strong> legitimación y el reconocimiento <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

transferencia. El propósito <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> venta era <strong>la</strong> consecución <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> felicidad<br />

personal. El marido quería <strong>de</strong>shacerse <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> esposa que normalmente ya tenía<br />

un nuevo pretendiente que <strong>la</strong> quería “comprar”. El ritual sólo daba<br />

reconocimiento público a un pre-acuerdo entre <strong>la</strong>s tres partes afectadas.<br />

Los <strong>de</strong>talles <strong>de</strong>l ritual, cargados <strong>de</strong> un gran simbolismo, estaban<br />

estudiados para enfatizar el hecho <strong>de</strong> que se trataba <strong>la</strong> transferencia, imitando<br />

98 MENEFEE, Wives for Sale, p. 211.<br />

99 Ver Fig. 6.1 STONE Road, p. 145. MENEFEE ofrece una <strong>de</strong>scripción <strong>de</strong>tal<strong>la</strong>da <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> distribución<br />

geográfica, Wives for Sale., p. 33.<br />

100 The <strong>La</strong>ws Respecting Women, p. 55. Citado en STONE, Road, p. 144.<br />

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