Docteur en Sciences de gestion Mention ... - Tour du Valat

Partie 2 – Ancrage dans des cas concrets d’actions environnementalesEncadré 5.2 : Thèmes suivis par l’OZHM (Working document for the third international workshop,février 2010)Monitoring of wetlands status and trends will be done through the calculation of indicator values related tofive themes:Themes providing monitoring and evaluation results mostly towards objective 1 of MWO:1. Biodiversity component: Assess the status and trends of biodiversity by the appraisal of threeinter-related core levels (genetic diversity, species and land cover) with an overarching goal ofmeasuring progress towards the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)'s target to reduce therate of biodiversity loss by 2010 and beyond.2. Ecosystem integrity and health (water regime, chemical state, spatial structure, ecosystemprocess): Determine the state of wetland ecosystems both in abiotic (especially water quantityand quality) and biotic processes, as well as their interactions. Conceptual frameworks will bedeveloped for assessing the impact of human activity on biological systems, in order tocomplement the first theme dealing with components of the biological diversity and to assess themain pressures and drivers of changes in ecosystem integrity (theme 3).Theme providing monitoring and evaluation results mostly towards objective 2 of MWO:3. Drivers and pressure on wetlands (Policies with environmental impacts socio-economic driversand pressure): Monitor the main pressures and drivers which can affect, negatively or positively,the environmental status of Mediterranean Wetlands. In this theme, new relevant policies, laws,guidelines and plans will be reported. Their implementation and real impacts on land, water andother natural resources management, especially through socio-economic activities, will bemonitored in the wetlands.Themes providing monitoring and evaluation results mostly towards objective 3 of MWO:4. Integration of environment in the development process : To assess if and how wetlandconservation and/or protection have – or have not – been taken into account in developmentpolicies, strategies and plans at regional, national and local levels. European policies andguidelines, Barcelona convention, CBD, MDGs and other international commitments will betaken into account in this theme.5. Ecological services (provisioning, regulating and cultural services): Monitor and assess theecosystem services in Mediterranean wetlands as well as their states and trends, in order tomeasure their evolution as well as the consequences of ecosystem change for human wellbeingLes deux premiers thèmes sont focalisés sur l’intégrité des écosystèmes et leur biodiversité, leurstatut et leur tendance. Il s’agit d’alimenter les connaissances sur l’objet environnemental, et doncde donner corps aux normes établies.Le troisième thème (forces et pressions sur les ZH) vise à fournir les éléments nécessaires àl’analyse de l’état et des tendances des ZHM au regard des facteurs de dégradation, notammentanthropiques. Il s’agit d’augmenter les connaissances permettant de procéder au diagnostic de lagestion effective. Cet aspect est tout à fait déterminant pour l’OZHM : d’une part dans le registrestratégique de la construction de l’objet écologique à conserver, l’OZHM ne jouera un rôlesignificatif que s’il permet d’expliquer plus précisément ces mécanismes néfastes aboutissant à ladégradation des ZH que l’on connaît déjà (même s’il faut encore en évaluer l’ampleur) etd’éclairer les responsabilités de ces mécanismes. D’autre part, dans le registre de l’action242