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don’t know or refused to answer. Overall, the findings suggest that although religion is important,
most Turks would reject a legal system based solely on religious law.
Who Wears the Headscarf?
The Gallup Poll results show that nearly half (45%) of Turkish women surveyed say they wear a
headscarf in public, while a slim majority (52%) say they do not wear a headscarf. Further, older
women and those with little education are more likely to say they wear a headscarf in public: 71%
of women aged 45 and older say they cover their heads in public, versus 40% of those aged 30 to
44 and 29% of those aged 15 to 29. Additionally, women with a primary school education or less
(74%) are more than twice as likely as those with a high school or training school education (27%)
to say they cover their heads. The sample size of Turkish women with a university education is too
small to report.
In the late 1990s, Turkey’s Constitutional Court ruled that female students could not wear a
headscarf in public universities. In other words, for several years now, religiously conservative
women interested in pursuing a university education have had to decide between these two basic
rights (education and religion). By choosing to pursue her education beyond the secondary level, a
woman has to give up what she believes is a religious obligation and a part of her religious
identity.
According to the latest UNDP Development Report, Turkey is one of the few countries in the
greater Middle East North African region where the ratio of females enrolled in tertiary education
to enrolled males enrolled is only 0.74. In most Gulf states, the ratio is above 1.40. In fact, in
Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar this female-to-male enrollment ratio tops
2.0.