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appears in passing in Bryan Ferry’s ‘Mother of Pearl’, a Roxy Music song from the band’s 1973<br />

Stranded album.<br />

The protagonist and narrator of Gore Vidal’s 1981 novel Creation is described to be the grandson<br />

of Zoroaster, with whom the narrator has se<strong>vera</strong>l philosophical discussions and whose death he is<br />

a witness of.<br />

In other religious systems<br />

In Manichaeism<br />

Manichaeism considered Zoroaster to be a figure (along with Jesus and the Buddha) in a line of<br />

prophets of which Mani (210–277) was the culmination. [24] Zoroaster’s ethical dualism is - to an<br />

extent - incorporated in Mani’s doctrine, which viewed the world as being locked in an epic battle<br />

between opposing forces of good and evil. [25] Manicheanism also incorporated other elements of<br />

Zoroastrian tradition, particularly the names of supernatural beings; however, many of these other<br />

Zoroastrian elements are either not part of Zoroaster's own teachings or are used quite differently<br />

from how they are used in Zoroastrianism. [25][26]<br />

In the Bahá'í Faith<br />

Zoroaster appears in the Bahá'í Faith as a “Manifestation of God,” one of a line of prophets who<br />

have progressively revealed the Word of God to a gradually maturing humanity. Zoroaster thus<br />

shares an exalted station with Abraham, Moses, Mahavira, Buddha, Krishna, Jesus, Muhammad,<br />

the Báb, and the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'u'lláh. [27] Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the<br />

Bahá'í Faith, saw Bahá'u'lláh as the fulfillment of a post-Sassanid Zoroastrian prophecy that saw a<br />

return of Sassanid emperor Bahram: [28] Shoghi Effendi also stated that Zoroaster lived roughly<br />

1,000 years before Jesus. [z]<br />

See also<br />

• List of founders of major religions<br />

Notes<br />

a: ^ Originally proposed by Burnouf [29]<br />

b: ^ For refutation of these and other proposals, see Humbach, 1991. [30]<br />

c: ^ The Bundahishn computes “200 and some years” (GBd xxxvi.9) or “284 years” (IBd xxxiv.9).<br />

That ‘258 years’ was the generally accepted figure is however noted by al-Biruni and al-<br />

Masudi, with the latter specifically stating (in 943/944 CE) that “the Magians count a period<br />

of two hundred and fifty-eight years between their prophet and Alexander.” [31][32]<br />

d: ^ “258 years before Alexander,” is only superficially precise, and thus debated. [32] What in<br />

Zoroaster’s life happened 258 before Alexander? His birth? His enlightenment? His<br />

conversion of Vistaspa? His death? Similarly, before Alexander’s what? His accession to the<br />

Macedonian throne? His invasion? His death? The beginning of the “Era of Alexander”<br />

(which began 10 years after his death)?<br />

It has been suggested that this “traditional date” is an adoption of some date from alien<br />

sources, from the Greeks [33] or the Babylonians [34] for example, which the priesthood then<br />

reinterpreted. A simpler explanation is that the priests subtracted 42 (the age at which<br />

Zoroaster is said to have converted Vistaspa) from the round figure of 300.<br />

e: ^ The “extravagant,” [35] “fantastic” [35] and “extraordinary” [36] 6000 BCE date (or thereabouts)<br />

appears in se<strong>vera</strong>l classical sources: Pliny the Elder (1st c.), Plutarch (1st c.), a Scholion to the<br />

(Pseudo-)Platonic Alcibiades Major, Diogenes Laertius (3rd c.), Lactantius (3rd c.) and

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