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o Could be linked to religion in terms of being responsible<br />

Bruce<br />

(1995)<br />

o Membership to sects is similar to church attendance<br />

o Ratio - for every man there're 2 women (1:2)<br />

o Could be because women are more likely to suffer deprivation than<br />

men<br />

o This'll make evangelical goals (going to heaven, getting God's<br />

strength) more attractive<br />

Many new ages emphasise 'going back to nature' - simple caring<br />

existence<br />

They stress herbal remedies etc. women find these soothing in an<br />

aggressive world<br />

Postmodernism<br />

Key ideas:<br />

o Postmodernism argues that the 'old' sociological search for grand<br />

objective explanations of social behaviour is pointless<br />

o Suggest that there are no 'meta-narratives', no absolute truths<br />

o Only values in society are the relative values<br />

o Old certainties are lost, there're now many ideologies to choose<br />

from, society is now more fractured<br />

o There's a move away from traditional forms of belief & behaviour<br />

o People now select their lifestyle, beliefs, leisure etc.<br />

o Also a strong emphasis on consumerism & also experience rather than<br />

the achievement of aims<br />

Impact on religion:<br />

o Religion is therefore unlikely to promote social cohesion that<br />

functionalist suggest<br />

o It's not going to operate in the way Marxists argue - more personal,<br />

more privatised - DIY/pick and mix<br />

o People are more open to new ideas, perhaps explaining the growth of<br />

NRNs<br />

o Nature of religion shifts according to the needs of people in<br />

different social contexts<br />

o People & society has come to terms with the existence of many<br />

different ways to see the world

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