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Arab connection
A line in the Book of Jubilees (20:13) mentions that the descendants of Abraham's son by Hagar,
Ishmael, as well as his descendants by Keturah, became the "Arabians" or "Arabs". The 1st
century Jewish historian Josephus similarly described the descendants of Ishmael (i.e. the
Ishmaelites) as an "Arabian" people. [10] He also calls Ishmael the "founder" (κτίστης) of the
"Arabians". [11] Some Biblical scholars also believe that the area outlined in Genesis as the final
destination of Ishmael and his descendants ("from Havilah to Assyria") refers to the Arabian
peninsula. This has led to a commonplace view that modern Semitic-speaking Arabs are
descended from Abraham via Ishmael, in addition to various other tribes who intermixed with the
Ishmaelites, such as Joktan, Sheba, Dedan, Broham, etc. Both Judeo-Christian and Islamic
traditions speak of earlier inhabitants of Arabia.
Classical Arab historians traced the true Arabs (i.e., the original Arabs from Yemen) to Qahtan
and the Arabicised Arabs (people from the region of Mecca, who assimilated into the Arabs) to
Adnan, said to be an ancestor of Muhammad, and have further equated Ishmael with A'raq Al-
Thara, said to be ancestor of Adnan. Umm Salama, one of Muhammed's wives, wrote that this was
done using the following hermeneutical reasoning: Thara means moist earth, Abraham was not
consumed by hell-fire, fire does not consume moist earth, thus A'raq al-Thara must be Ishmael son
of Abraham. [12]
According to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Book of Abraham is a scriptural text for some denominations of the Latter Day Saint
movement (also know as Mormons). Abraham's sojourn in Egypt is given very differently in the
Latter-day Saint Abraham 1 - 2. [13] than in in Genesis 12. Abraham is credited for restoring praise
and worship of the One true God (Elohim, Jehovah, and the Holy Ghost) and restoring the lost
ordinances of circumcision and Temple covenants.
In July 1835, Michael Chandler brought a traveling exhibition of four Egyptian mummies and
papyri contained Egyptian hieroglyphics to Ohio, then home of the Latter-Day Saints. Chandler
asked Joseph Smith Jr. to look at the scrolls, due to Smith's notoriety and claims to translate the
golden plates of the Book of Mormon. These Joseph Smith and two other LDS purchased for
$2400. Smith declared two of the scrolls contained original writings of Abraham and Joseph. From
this results the The Book of Abraham. This translation became a book dealing with Abraham's
journeys in Egypt, containing many distinctive Mormon doctrines. Considerable controversy
surrounds the surviving papyri claimed as the source for the translation of the Book of Abraham.
While the Book of Abraham scrolls were reported to be longer than the Bible, [14] only a small
portion was published by Latter-day Saint Founder Joseph Smith. This portion, published serially
in 1842, [15] is now found in the Pearl of Great Price. Chapters 1 and 2 include details about
Abraham’s early life and his fight against the idolatry of Egypt (under rule of Pharaoh) and even
of his own family. [16] It recounts how pagan priests of Pharaoh tried to sacrifice him, but an angel
appeared and rescued him. Chapter 2 includes information about God’s covenant with Abraham,
and how it would be fulfilled.
In addition to the text, there are three facsimiles of vignettes from the papyrus. The first and most
disputed facsimile depicts Abraham about to be sacrificed by a priest; the second is the
hypocephalus which contains important insights about the organization of the heavens (Cosmos)
for order of the Temple ordinances and covenants to be officiated through the Priesthood Keys of
Heaven. The final picture shows Abraham teaching in the Pharaoh’s court.
"Abraham is always regarded in the Old Testament as founder of the covenant race, which is
personified in the house of Israel. He is the “father of the faithful.” Latter-day revelation has
"clarified" the significance of the Abrahamic covenant and other aspects of Abraham’s life and
ministry. He was greatly blessed with divine revelation concerning the planetary system, the
creation of the earth, and the pre-birth activities of the spirits of people. One of the most valiant