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(unlike the earlier promise) was two-sided and conditional: if Abraham and his descendants
fulfilled their part of the covenant, Yahweh would be their God, give them the land, and make a
great nation and kings out of Abraham's line.
The promise of a son to Abraham made Sarah "laugh," which became the name of the son of
promise, Isaac. Sarah herself "laughs" at the idea because of her age, when Yahweh (God) appears
to Abraham at Mamre (Genesis 18:1-15, ) and, when the child is born, cries "Yahweh has made
me into laughter; every one that hears will laugh at me" (Genesis 21:6).
Sodom and Gomorrah
Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah and Lot (Biblical)
The enormous sins of Sodom, Gomorrah, and the neighboring cities, being now filled up, three
angels were sent to inflict upon them the divine vengeance. After visiting Abraham, they were
ready to depart and Abraham accompanied them towards Sodom, whither two of them (who
proved to be divine messengers) continued their journey. The third remained with Abraham, and
informed him of the approaching destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. Abraham interceded,
praying that if fifty righteous persons were found therein, the city should be spared; he reduced the
numbers gradually to ten; but this number could not be found (or God, in answer to his prayers,
would have averted his design). Lot, his wife and their 2 daughters, being the only righteous, were
preserved from the disaster. His wife was turned to salt on their escape from the destruction when
she disobeyed God's command not to look back at the destruction.
Sarah and Abimelech
Main article: Abimelech
After Sarah conceived, according to the divine promise, she and Abraham left the plain of Mamre
and went south, to Gerar, where Abimelech reigned. Fearing that Sarah might be forced from him,
and himself put to death, Abraham again called Sarah 'sister,' just as he had done in Egypt.
Abimelech took her to his house, with intentions to marry her. According to scripture, God
informed Abimelech, through a dream, that Sarah was Abraham's wife. Abimelech returned Sarah
to Abraham with great presents.
Beersheba
Main article: Beersheba
About the same time, Abimelech came with Phicol, his general, to conclude an alliance with
Abraham, who made that prince a present of seven ewe-lambs out of his flock, in consideration
that a well that he had opened should be his own property; and they called the place Beer-sheba or
"the well of swearing".
Here Abraham resided some time.
Binding of Isaac
Main article: Binding of Isaac
Some time after the birth of Isaac, Abraham was commanded by God to offer his son up as a
sacrifice in the land of Moriah. The patriarch traveled three days until he came to the mount that
God taught him. He commanded the servant to remain while he and Isaac proceeded alone to the
mountain, Isaac carrying the wood upon which he would be sacrificed. Along the way, Isaac
repeatedly asked Abraham where the animal for the burnt offering was. Abraham then replied that
God would provide one. Just as Abraham was about to sacrifice his son, he was prevented by an
angel, and given on that spot a ram which he sacrificed in place of his son. Thus it is said, "On the
mountain the Lord provides." (Genesis 22) As a reward for his obedience he received another
promise of a numerous seed and abundant prosperity (22). After this event, Abraham did not