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God, or Haqq (Reality, Truth). From the highest perspective, all is God (see Wahdat-ul-Wujood).
Alevis often admire Mansur Al-Hallaj, a 10th century Sufi executed in Baghdad for blasphemy for
saying “I am Truth” (Ana al-Haqq).
Another important Alevi concept is that of the "Perfect Human Being" (Insan-i Kamil). (This
wording is Sunni; the Shi‘i counterpart would be the "Perfect Shi'a".) Most Alevis would think
first of Ali, Hajji Bektash Wali, or the other saints. However the Perfect Human Being has also
been identified with our true identity as pure consciousness, hence the Qur'anic concept of human
beings not having original sin, consciousness being pure and perfect. The human task is to fully
realise this state while still in material human form.
Many Alevis would define the Perfect Human Being in practical terms, as one who is in full moral
control of his or her hands, tongue and loins (eline diline beline sahip); treats all kinds of people
equally (yetmiş iki millete aynı gözle bakar); and serves the interests of others. One who has
achieved this kind of enlightenment is also called eren or munavver.
Practices
The Alevi spiritual path (yol) is commonly understood to take place through four major life-stages,
or "gates":
1. Seriat ("religious law")
2. Tarikat ("spiritual brotherhood")
3. Marifat ("spiritual knowledge")
4. Hakikat ("Reality" or "Truth", i.e., God)
These may be further subdivided into "four gates, forty levels (dört kapı kırk makam). The first
gate (religious law) is considered elementary (and in this we may perceive a subtle criticism of
other Muslim traditions).
Alevi legal principles do exist. The following are major crimes that cause an Alevi to be declared
düşkün (shunned): [10]
• killing a person
• committing adultery
• divorcing one’s wife
• marrying a divorced woman
• stealing
Most Alevi activity takes place in the context of the second gate (spiritual brotherhood), during
which one submits to a living spiritual guide (dede, pir, mürşit). The existence of the third and
fourth gates is mostly theoretical, though some older Alevis have apparently received initiation
into the third. [11]
Cem
The central Alevi corporate worship service is the cem (a Kurdish word meaning congregational or
assembly meeting). The ceremony's prototype is the Prophet Muhammad's nocturnal ascent into
heaven, where he beheld a gathering of forty saints (Kırklar Meclisi), and the Divine Reality made
manifest in their leader, Ali.
Semah, a family of ritual dances characterized by turning and swirling, is an inseparable part of
any cem. It is performed by men and women, to the accompaniment of the bağlama.
The Rite of Integration (görgü cemi) is a complex ritual occasion in which a variety of tasks are
allotted to incumbents bound together by extrafamilial brotherhood (musahiplik), who undertake a
dramatization of unity and integration under the direction of the spiritual leader (dede).
The phrase mum söndü ("The candle went out") alludes to a holy moment of some cem rituals in
which twelve candles (representing the Twelve Imams) are doused with water. Contrary to a hoary
tradition of Sunni gossip, and to the undoubted disappointment of many, orgies apparently do not