Psychische Erkrankungen in der Lebensspanne ... - DGPPN

Topic 12 G Bildgebung, Neurophysiologie, Neuropsychologie // Brain Imaging, neurophysiology, neuropsychology
campal connectivity seen during the WM task in subjects with an
increasing number of risk alleles was not found in the present conditions,
indicating a degree of task specificity. This is in excellent
agreement with prior results showing that in patients with schizophrenia,
abnormalities of prefronto-hippocampal coupling are only
apparent when WM load is imposed (Meyer-Lindenberg et al.,
Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2005).
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Hippocampal function and genetic risk for bipolar disorder
Susanne Erk (Universität Bonn, Klinik für Psychiatrie Medizinische
Psychologie)
A. Meyer-Lindenberg, K. Schnell, C. Opitz von Boberfeld, C. Esslinger,
P. Kirsch, S. Witt, M. Nöthen, M. Rietschel, H. Walter
Introduction: The neural abnormalities underlying bipolar disorder,
a severe, common and highly heritable psychiatric condition, are
largely unknown. An opportunity to define these mechanisms is provided
by the recent discovery, through genome-wide association, of
a SNP that was strongly associated with bipolar disorder within the
CACNA1C gene, encoding the voltage-dependent calcium channel
Cav1.2. Based on convergent preclinical evidence of the relevance
of Cav1.2 for hippocampal synaptic plasticity, function, and memory,
and clinical data showing structural and functional abnormalities
within the hippocampal formation in patients, genetic risk
associated with a polymorphism in the CACNA1C gene is hypothesized
to be mediated through hippocampal function.
Method: We investigated a sample of 102 healthy genotyped subjects.
As a biologically based intermediate phenotype, we used
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an episodic
memory task.
Discussion / Results: We could demonstrate that healthy risk allele
carriers exhibit a pronounced reduction of bilateral hippocampal
activation during episodic memory recall as well as diminished
functional coupling between left and right hippocampus. Further,
risk allele carriers exhibit activation deficits of the subgenual anterior
cingulate cortex, a region repeatedly associated with affective
disorders and the mediation of adaptive stress-related responses.
Our data presented here show that CACNA1C is functional in the
human brain, provide a neurogenetic risk mechanism for bipolar
disorder backed by genome-wide evidence and suggest a possible
neural substrate for gene-environment interaction through heightened
vulnerability to stress. Since Cav1.2 is a promising drug tar-
get, these results should be useful for the identification of novel
treatments.
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Reliability of functional imaging paradigms for multicenter studies
Nina Seiferth (Charité Campus Mitte, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Berlin)
T. Wüstenberg, L. Pöhland, J. Wrase, C. Esslinger, P. Kirsch, K. Schnell,
S. Erk, H. Walter, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, A. Heinz
Introduction: As the findings from functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) studies gain soaring influence on current neuroscientific
research and beyond, the issue of the data reliability becomes
more and more urgent and important. This particularly applies for
imaging genetics studies which are focussing on the impact of genetic
risk variants for psychiatric disorders on brain function. Different
ways of calculating reliability of fMRI data are reported in the
literature, e. g. using voxel-wise intra-class correlation coefficient
(ICC) analysis (Specht et al., 2003; Caceres et al., 2009).
Method: For quality control implemented in an NGFNplus project
we scanned 36 healthy subjects twice with an interval of 14 days in
between. Data were acquired on three study sites (Mannheim,
Bonn and Berlin) on a Siemens Trio whole-body 3T MR system.
Discussion / Results: Reliability in terms of ICCs were calcu lated
and compared for the three study sites as for the different cog nitive
and emotional paradigms applied (associative memory, work ing
memory, emotion regulation, inhibition, reward, theory of mind).
Reliability results will be presented by focussing on the task-related
brain regions compared to other areas and effectiveness of the approach
will be discussed in detail. We conclude that reliability analyses
are beneficial and essential in order to ensure data quality and
therefore to improve the significance of findings in fMRI research.
References: Caceres A, Hall DL, Zelaya FO, Williams SC, Mehta
MA. Measuring fMRI reliability with the intra-class correlation coefficient.
Neuroimage. 2009;45(3):758-68. Specht K, Willmes K,
Shah NJ, Jäncke L. Assessment of reliability in functional imag ing
studies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17(4):463-71.
Freitag, 27. 11. 2009, 08.30 – 10.00 Uhr, Saal 4
S-100 Symposium
Über Irrationalität menschlichen Verhaltens: Erkenntnisse der
evolutionären Spieltheorie und Psychopathologie
Vorsitz: M. Brüne (Bochum), M. Spitzer (Ulm)
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Was Du einem Anderen tust, das tust Du mir? Neurobiologische
Korrelate altruistischer Bestrafung in einem erste vs. dritte Person
Aufteilungsspiel
Peter Kirsch (ZI für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie,
Mannheim)
J. Zimmermann, A. Schmitz, S. Lis, B. Gallhofer, M. Reuter, S. Windmann,
A. Strobel
Einleitung: Bestrafung unfairen Verhaltens ist ein wichtiger Mechanismus
zur Aufrechterhaltung von Kooperation in Gesellschaften.
Diese wird dann als altruistisch bezeichnet, wenn, ohne persönlicher
Gewinn, eigene Resourcen dafür aufgebracht werden
müssen. (Fehr und Gächter, 2002, Nature). Es konnte bereits gezeigt
werden, dass belohnungsassoziierte Strukturen bei der Anwendung
altruistischer Bestrafung aktiviert sind (de Quervain et
al., 2004, Science). Dies wurde als Hinweis auf den befriedigenden
Wert altruistischer Bestrafung interpretiert. Da hier aber die be-
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