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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐Arquitectónica e Metafísica Evolucionária 173um intérprete mediante uma lei -, e que Peirce i<strong>de</strong>ntifica com a significação e,cumulativamente, com o acto <strong>de</strong> pensar e toda a vida mental. 50“A minha perspectiva é que existem três modos <strong>de</strong> ser. Sustento que po<strong>de</strong>mosobservá-los directamente nos elementos do que quer que seja que emdada altura esteja perante a mente <strong>de</strong> qualquer modo. São eles o ser da possibilida<strong>de</strong>qualitativa positiva, o ser do facto actual, e o ser da lei que governaráos factos no futuro”. 51 Como chegou Peirce à sua short list das categoriasuniversais, que ele acreditava resolverem tanto os problemas do hegelianismocomo do kantismo nesta matéria, superando-os? Essencialmente, segue duasvias na <strong>de</strong>tecção, justificação e explanação das categorias: o método lógico eo método fenomenológico. Ambas, por meios diferentes, apontam ao mesmoresultado.is only an essential truth. It is that in being which corresponds in thought to Kant’s analyticaljudgment. It is a dyadism latent in monads”, in Collected Papers, 1.452.50 . Que em Peirce as categorias são simultaneamente lógicas (como em Kant) e ontológicas(como em Aristóteles) é precisamenrte a tese <strong>de</strong> Sandra B. Rosenthal, que não <strong>de</strong>ixa <strong>de</strong> nomeara relação do sinequismo a este seu duplo papel. “Peirce can give an affirmative answer tothe above posed question concerning the problem of metaphysics because there is, for him,no gap between the categories as phenomenological and as ontological, for there is no gapbetween experience and reality. The epistemic and ontological unity at the heart of experienceis expressed by Peirce in a telling criticism of Kant: that time and space are innate i<strong>de</strong>as,so far from proving that they have merely a mental existence, as Kant thought, ought to beregar<strong>de</strong>d as evi<strong>de</strong>nce for their reality. For the constitution of mind is the result of evolutionun<strong>de</strong>r the influence of experience (...) there is no ontological gap between appearence andreality. As Peirce observes, synechism (...) will not admit a sharp sun<strong>de</strong>ring of phenomenaand substrates”, Sandra B. Rosenthal, “Pragmatic Experimentalism and the Derivation of theCategories”, in BRUNNING, Jacqueline, & FOSTER, Paul (eds.), The Rule of Reason — ThePhilosophy of <strong>Charles</strong> San<strong>de</strong>rs Peirce, 1997, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, p.124.51 . “My view is that there are three mo<strong>de</strong>s of being. I hold that we can directly observethem in elements of whatever is at any time before the mind in any way. They are the being ofpositive qualitative possibility, the being of actual fact, and the being of law that will governfacts in the future”, Collected Papers, 1.23.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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