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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐412 Anabela GradimNo fundo para o conservadorismo boa moral e boas maneiras são essencialmenteda mesma natureza – ambas <strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>m da domesticação <strong>de</strong> hábitos <strong>de</strong>sentimento, que são algo plásticos, mas muito difíceis <strong>de</strong> erradicar. 29 Pontofundamental é que, como observamos ao examinar as Ciências Normativas,os hábitos <strong>de</strong> sentimento po<strong>de</strong>m ser mo<strong>de</strong>lados e perfeccionados a partir daexperiência e do processo <strong>de</strong> autocontrole racional. 30 Na verda<strong>de</strong> foi <strong>de</strong>ssaforma que eles evoluíram e foram inculcados na espécie. É do livre jogo entreinstinto e razão que ambos se melhoram mutuamente. Os instintos e hábitos<strong>de</strong> sentimento formam as instâncias profundas da alma, mas po<strong>de</strong>m crescer e<strong>de</strong>senvolver-se por um processo em tudo idêntico ao <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento da razão– só que infinitamente mais lento. Os instintos, sendo influenciados pelainteracção da razão e do sentimento durante um longo período <strong>de</strong> tempo, sãocompletamente fiáveis ao guiarem a nossa conduta para bons fins, ou, comodirá Peirce, “a consciência pertence ao homem subconsciente, àquela parteda alma que dificilmente se distingue nos diferentes indivíduos, uma espécie<strong>de</strong> consciência-comunitária ou espírito público, não absolutamente una ea mesma em diferentes cidadãos, e contudo <strong>de</strong> nenhum modo in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nteneles. A consciência foi criada pela experiência, tal como qualquer conhe-29 . “Morality consists in the folklore of right conduct. A man is brought up to think heought to behave in certain ways. If he behaves otherwise, he is uncomfortable. His consciencepricks him. That system of morals is the traditional wisdom of ages of experience. If a mancuts loose from it, he will become the victim of his passions. It is not safe for him even toreason about it, except in a purely speculative way. Hence, morality is essentially conservative.Good morals and good manners are i<strong>de</strong>ntical, except that tradition attaches less importance tothe latter. The gentleman is imbued with conservatism. This conservatism is a habit, and it isthe law of habit that it tends to spread and extend itself over more and more of the life. In thisway, conservatism about morals leads to conservatism about manners and finally conservatismabout opinions of a speculative kind”, Collected Papers, 1.50.30 . Cf. Collected Papers, 5.477; 5.487, “. . . multiple reiterated behaviour of the same kind,un<strong>de</strong>r similar combinations of percepts and fancies, produces a ten<strong>de</strong>ncy – the habit – actuallyto behave in a similar way un<strong>de</strong>r similar circumstances in the future. Moreover – here isthe point – every man exercises more or less control over himself by means of modifyinghis own habits; and the way in which he goes to work to bring this effect about in thosecases in which circumstances will not permit him to practice reiterations of the <strong>de</strong>sired kindof conduct in the outer world shows that he is virtually well-acquainted with the importantprinciple that reiterations in the inner world – fancied reiterations – if well-intensified by directeffort, produce habits, just as do reiterations in the outer world; and these habits will have powerto influence actual behaviour in the outer world; especially, if each reiteration be accompaniedby a peculiar strong effort that is usually likened to issuing a command to one’s future self”.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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