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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐48 Anabela Gradim2.8 Os três momentos do pensamento <strong>de</strong> ApelApel quer construir a Transformação da Filosofia 54 sobre o colapso históricodo Positivismo Lógico, que critica, instituindo o que consi<strong>de</strong>ra ser o terceiroparadigma <strong>de</strong> Filosofia Primeira – o semiótico-transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal 55 , do qual sãoparte integrante uma hermenêutica e uma pragmática transcen<strong>de</strong>ntais. Nestabusca por um novo paradigma <strong>de</strong> Filosofia Primeira reexaminam-se os contributosda filosofia analítica e da hermenêutica, mas Peirce será fundamentalcomo fonte <strong>de</strong> inspiração 56 . A sua noção <strong>de</strong> Comunida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Investigadores(inquiry) revelar-se-á extraordinariamente profícua para a fundamentaçãotranscen<strong>de</strong>ntal da ética, que a <strong>de</strong>calca na Comunida<strong>de</strong> I<strong>de</strong>al <strong>de</strong> Comunicação,princípio regulador que a comunida<strong>de</strong> real <strong>de</strong> homens concretos tomará comomo<strong>de</strong>lo, tentando, quanto possível, tornar menor a intransponível distânciaentre as duas.Apel tem o condão <strong>de</strong> fazer da sua filosofia o ponto <strong>de</strong> convergência dosmovimentos intelectuais mais importantes do século que terminou, estabelecendoconscientemente o seu exercício em diálogo com os seus pares e comos que o prece<strong>de</strong>ram. Assim, além <strong>de</strong> lhe caber o mérito <strong>de</strong> ter introduzido afilosofia <strong>de</strong> Peirce na Europa, em meados da década <strong>de</strong> 60, Apel foi indubi-54 . Cf. APEL, Karl-Otto, Towards a Transformation of Philosophy, 1980, Routledge &Kegan Paul, London, c○ Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1972-73.55 . “For I think that, precisely in respect of the methodological role, the paradigm of FirstPhilosophy has changed in mo<strong>de</strong>rn times, and again in the twentieth century. This does notmean that in mo<strong>de</strong>rn times, or in the twentieth century, there is no longer ontology or evenontological metaphysics, but it does mean that in mo<strong>de</strong>rn times, say from Descartes to Husserl,the paradigm of First Philosophy has been taken over by philosophy of consciousness, especiallyof consciousness as the trascen<strong>de</strong>ntal subject of knowledge in the Kantian sense; and inthe twentieth century, the methodological paradigm of First Philosophy has come to be takenover by transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal semiotics, including transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal hermeneutics and transcen<strong>de</strong>ntalpragmatics of language”, in APEL, Karl-Otto, “Transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal Semiotics and the Paradigmsof First Philosophy”, From a transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal-semiotic point of view, ed. PAPASTEPHANOU,Marianna, 1998, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK.56 . “... some of my philosophical works, published in English in the meantime, were essentialyinspired by Peirce studies. . . the Peircean conception of the i<strong>de</strong>al, unlimited interpretativeand discoursive community has also become fruitful for me as a heuristic point of view for thegrounding of a communication, that is, discourse ethics”, e “. . . Peirce finally became importantfor me as an ally in the systematic un<strong>de</strong>rtaking of a ‘transformation of (transcen<strong>de</strong>ntal) philosophy”’,in APEL, Karl-Otto, <strong>Charles</strong> San<strong>de</strong>rs Peirce — from Pragmatism to Pragmaticism,1995, Humanities Press, New Jersey, Introduction to the paperback edition, e p. IX.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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