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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐400 Anabela Gradimcientemente controlar, e na cognição elas são algumas - é necessário admitirigualmente que generalida<strong>de</strong>, terceirida<strong>de</strong> ou continuida<strong>de</strong> po<strong>de</strong> ser dada napercepção, precisamente o tipo <strong>de</strong> operação sobre a qual o homem não exercecontrole lógico. 37 Para ilustrar isto Peirce escolhe um exemplo retirado dageometria, em que certo diagrama particular é suposto tornar visível a suaprópria universalida<strong>de</strong>, ou que “seria assim em todos os casos”. 38“A Generalida<strong>de</strong>, a Terceirida<strong>de</strong>, <strong>de</strong>rrama-se nos nossos próprios julgamentosperceptuais, e todo o raciocínio (...) se volta a todo o passo para apercepção da generalida<strong>de</strong> e da continuida<strong>de</strong>”. 39 O sentimento <strong>de</strong> bem ou malmoral não é bom nem mau, é uma primeirida<strong>de</strong>. Para o <strong>de</strong>clararmos bom, oumau, temos <strong>de</strong> submetê-lo ao processo <strong>de</strong> pensamento crítico, que se relacionateleologicamente com o fim ou fins admitidos para a activida<strong>de</strong> humana.Qual é então o summum bonum para o qual a ética <strong>de</strong>ve dirigir os esforçosda vonta<strong>de</strong>? Peirce diz que <strong>de</strong>verá ser um i<strong>de</strong>al admirável per se, in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntemente<strong>de</strong> quaisquer consi<strong>de</strong>rações ulteriores, que possa ser in<strong>de</strong>finidamenteprosseguido in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>ntemente das circunstâncias, o que implica tambémque nunca possa ser totalmente preenchido ou cumprido. Trata-se, essei<strong>de</strong>al, do bem estético, uma generalização do bem lógico e ético. 40Peirce i<strong>de</strong>ntificará esse ultimate good com o <strong>de</strong>senvolvimento da Razão, a37 . “ If you admit the principle that logic stops where self-control stops, you will find yourselfobliged to admit that a perceptual fact, a logical origin, may involve generality. This canbe shown for ordinary generality. But if you have already convinced yourself that continuityis generality, it will be somewhat easier to show that a perceptual fact may involve continuitythan that it can involve non-relative generality”, Collected Papers, 5.14938 . “ The pupil is supposed to see that. He sees it only in a special case, but he is supposed toperceive that it will be so in any case. The more careful logician may <strong>de</strong>monstrate that it mustfall in one angle or the other; but this <strong>de</strong>monstration will only consist in substituting a differentdiagram in place of Legendre’s figure. But in any case, either in the new diagram or else, andmore usually, in passing from one diagram to the other, the interpreter of the argumentationwill be supposed to see something, which will present this little difficulty for the theory ofvision, that it is of a general nature.”, Collected Papers, 5.148.39 . Collected Papers, 5.150.40 . “ The question is what theories and conceptions we ought to entertain. Now the word"ought"has no meaning except relatively to an end. That ought to be done which is conduciveto a certain end. The inquiry therefore should begin with searching for the end of thinking.What do we think for? What is the physiological function of thought? If we say it is action, wemust mean the government of action to some end. To what end? It must be something, good oradmirable, regardless of any ulterior reason. This can only be the esthetically good. But whatis esthetically good?”, Collected Papers, 5.594.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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