Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

✐✐✐✐Ética e heteronomia 393puramente teórico, embora lhe correspondam ciências práticas, que estudam oraciocínio, a conduta ou a obra de arte, e que podem certamente esperar algumauxílio da ciência normativa correspondente. 5 Delas pode Peirce dizer que são“a mais puramente teorética das ciências puramente teoréticas” e encontramseestreitamente ligadas às artes ou ciências práticas que estudam a arte doraciocínio, a conduta da vida ou as belas-artes, embora se distingam delas porserem, para usar a terminologia de Apel, transcendentais – i.e., indagaremdas condições de possibilidade de tais artes. Assim, a estética normativa nãopergunta se x ou y é belo, mas o que torna o belo belo; tal como a éticanormativa não pergunta se determinada acção é boa ou má, mas o que torna obem bom e o mal mau. 6 “O problema fundamental da ética não é O que estácerto?, mas Aquilo que estou preparado para aceitar deliberadamente comoaquilo que quero fazer, a que devo almejar, o que busco?”. 7As ciências normativas tratam das relações dos fenómenos com fins, e detrês pontos de vista distintos, primeiro, segundo e terceiro, a partir das trêsciências em que se dividem: Estética, Ética e Lógica. Estética é a ciência dosideais, daquilo que é admirável per se, sem nenhuma razão ulterior; Ética é a5 . “Normative Science is not a skill, nor is it an investigation conducted with a view to theproduction of skill. Coriolis wrote a book on the Analytic Mechanics of the Game of Billiards.If that book does not help people in the least degree to play billiards, that is nothing against it.The book is only intended to be pure theory. In like manner, if Normative Science does not inthe least tend to the development of skill, its value as Normative Science remains the same. Itis purely theoretical. Of course there are practical sciences of reasoning and investigation, ofthe conduct of life, and of the production of works of art. They correspond to the NormativeSciences, and may be probably expected to receive aid from them. But they are not integrantparts of these sciences; and the reason that they are not so, thank you, is no mere formalism,but is this, that it will be in general quite different men – two knots of men not apt to consortthe one with the other – who will conduct the two kinds of inquiry”, Collected Papers, 5.125.6 . Collected Papers, 1.281. “...there is a family likeness between Esthetics, Ethics, andLogic. All three of them are purely theoretical sciences which nevertheless set up norms, orrules which need not, but which ought, to be followed. Now in the case of taste, it is recognizedthat the excellence of the norm consists exclusively in its accordance with the deliberate andnatural judgment of the cultured mind. The best opinion about morality likewise is that it hasits root in the nature of the human soul, whether as a decree of reason, or what constitutesman’s happiness, or in some other department of human nature. It is true that there are afew moralists who divorce the source of morality from human nature, but they are forced intoa double doctrine; for they are still obliged to say that a man ought to obey his conscience,unless they abandon the very idea of morality”, Collected Papers, 2.156.7 . Collected Papers, 2.198.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐