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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐84 Anabela Gradimcará esta posição <strong>de</strong> um ponto <strong>de</strong> vista muito peculiar, a crítica do significado,expondo a autocontradição em que se encerra quem <strong>de</strong>fen<strong>de</strong> tal perspectiva.É que aqueles que falam <strong>de</strong> coisas incognoscíveis em si, entram em contradiçãoperformativa, pois produzem proposições com pretensões <strong>de</strong> coerência,sentido, e verda<strong>de</strong> semântica, isto é, produzem um tipo <strong>de</strong> conhecimento <strong>de</strong>algo que, pela sua própria <strong>de</strong>finição, não po<strong>de</strong> ser conhecido, pois “o absolutamenteincognoscível é absolutamente inconcebível”. 26Ao <strong>de</strong>finir o real como o cognoscível, Peirce <strong>de</strong>ixará <strong>de</strong> opor a capacida<strong>de</strong><strong>de</strong> pensar um mundo em si incognoscível com as coisas que habitam omundo espacial e temporal das aparências. Ao i<strong>de</strong>ntificar a cognoscibilida<strong>de</strong>com o ser, Peirce concluirá que o que se conhece é, e o que é é tudo aquilo quehá. O real é assim aquilo em que a informação e o raciocínio da comunida<strong>de</strong>resultariam, isto é, a opinião final, e é in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte das divagações particularesdo homem isolado. Mas se o real é o cognoscível, e se para além docognoscível e do real nada mais há, então é possível conhecer as coisas taiscomo são, e firmar esse conhecimento, num prazo suficientemente dilatado,na “opinião final” (ultimate opinion) que expressa o acordo da comunida<strong>de</strong>.O homem po<strong>de</strong> conhecer o que há neste in the long run, mas precisamente<strong>de</strong>vido a essa característica, nunca tem a certeza absoluta <strong>de</strong> que conhece semerro em qualquer caso particular. 2726 . “The principle now brought un<strong>de</strong>r discussion is directly i<strong>de</strong>alistic; for, since the meaningof a word is the conception it conveys, the absolutely incognizable has no meaning becauseno conception attaches to it. It is, therefore, a meaningless word; and, consequently, whateveris meant by any term as "the real"is cognizable in some <strong>de</strong>gree, and so is of the nature of acognition, in the objective sense of that term”, Collected Papers, 5.310.27 . “ This i<strong>de</strong>al first is the particular thing-in-itself. It does not exist as such. That is, thereis no thing which is in-itself in the sense of not being relative to the mind, though things whichare relative to the mind doubtless are, apart from that relation. The cognitions which thusreach us by this infinite series of inductions and hypotheses (which though infinite a parte antelogice, is yet as one continuous process not without a beginning in time) are of two kinds, thetrue and the untrue, or cognitions whose objects are real and those whose objects are unreal.And what do we mean by the real? It is a conception which we must first have had when wediscovered that there was an unreal, an illusion; that is, when we first corrected ourselves. Nowthe distinction for which alone this fact logically called, was between an ens relative to privateinward <strong>de</strong>terminations, to the negations belonging to idiosyncrasy, and an ens such as wouldstand in the long run. The real, then, is that which, sooner or later, information and reasoningwould finally result in, and which is therefore in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt of the vagaries of me and you. Thus,the very origin of the conception of reality shows that this conception essentially involvesthe notion of a COMMUNITY, without <strong>de</strong>finite limits, and capable of a <strong>de</strong>finite increase ofwww.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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