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Comunicação e Ética: O sistema semiótico de Charles ... - Ubi Thesis

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✐✐✐✐Arquitectónica e Metafísica Evolucionária 301a este propósito a distinção entre signo e representamen (que tem uma acepçãomais vasta). Um signo é um representamen com um interpretante mental,isto é, signo é um representamen para o homem; mas há formas <strong>de</strong> signos (osrepresentamens) activas na natureza, realizando processos semióticos, mesmoque o seu <strong>de</strong>stinatário não seja o homem. 104É este o sentido <strong>de</strong> afirmar que o girassol é um representamen do sol, eé possível que hoje a genética e a biologia molecular pu<strong>de</strong>ssem oferecer casos<strong>de</strong> representamens e processos semióticos sem interpretante humano, porexemplo a <strong>de</strong>scodificação por um ser vivo da dupla hélice do ADN, ou osprocessos <strong>de</strong> comunicação e homeostase que ocorrem no interior dos organismos,exemplos esses não disponíveis no tempo <strong>de</strong> Peirce; 105 por isso, se bemque no tratamento que iremos dar a estes temas também concedamos numainevitável antropomorfização, essencialmente porque facilita a expressão, thebroa<strong>de</strong>r view <strong>de</strong>ve ser tida em conta em tudo o que será dito.Por causa <strong>de</strong>stas suas características que a tornam omnipresente, DavidSavan, por exemplo, consi<strong>de</strong>rará a semiótica o ponto <strong>de</strong> ancoragem <strong>de</strong> todo o<strong>sistema</strong>, a partir do qual a totalida<strong>de</strong> do pensamento filosófico e científico <strong>de</strong>Peirce irradia. No limite o peirceanismo seria um i<strong>de</strong>alismo semiótico a partirdo qual todas as restantes formas são <strong>de</strong>rivadas. 106progresses”, JOHANSEN, Jorgen Dines, Dialogic Semiosis — An Essay on Signs and Meaning,1993, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, p. 194.104 . “A Sign is a Representamen with a mental Interpretant. Possibly there may be Representamensthat are not Signs. Thus, if a sunflower, in turning towards the sun, becomes bythat very act fully capable, without further condition, of reproducing a sunflower which turnsin precisely corresponding ways toward the sun, and of doing so with the same reproductivepower, the sunflower would become a Representamen of the sun. But thought is the chief, ifnot the only, mo<strong>de</strong> of representation”, in Collected Papers, 2.274.105 . Assim Habermas: “Peirce spoke of quasi-minds because he wanted to conceptualizethe interpretation of signs abstractly, <strong>de</strong>tached from the mo<strong>de</strong>l of linguistic communicationbetween a speaker and a hearer, <strong>de</strong>tached even from the basis of the human brain. Today thismakes us think of the operations of artificial intelligence, or of the mo<strong>de</strong> of functioning of thegenetic co<strong>de</strong>; Peirce had crystals and the work of bees in mind”, op.cit. p. 243.106 . “This sounds as though Peirce was a metaphysical realist. But he was not. There areat least two reasons why he was not. First on his analysis an in<strong>de</strong>x cannot <strong>de</strong>scribe. It hasnothing to do with meanings. All the characteristics attributed to the objects are entirely thework of theory, that is to say, of interpretants. So, a physical dynamical object can only beinterpreted to have mass, or to be spatially or temporally exten<strong>de</strong>d”, SAVAN, David, “Peirceand I<strong>de</strong>alism”, in KETNER, Kenneth Laine, Peirce and Contemporary Thought, PhilosophicalInquiries, American Philosophy Series, 1995, Fordham University Press, New York, p. 324.www.labcom.pt✐✐✐✐

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