doğmunun 125. yılında mustafa kemal atatürk - Atatürk Araştırma ...

506
STANFORD J. SHAW
many Turks, including many who were close to Atatürk, and many
foreigners who were friends of Turkey, said that Turkey had to
accept the foreign occupation and control and even institutions in
order to enable Turks to attain what they called the higher standards
of European civilization’. They told Atatürk and many others that
the only way to do this was to accept a foreign mandate, the way
Syria and Lebanon were put under the mandate of France after World
War I and Iraq and Palestine were put under the mandate of Great
Britain. Halide Edib Adıvar herself appealed both to Atatürk and to
the Senate of the United States for Turkey to put under a mandate
by the United States as the only way to save itself from extinction
and to make it a modern state. Ahmed Emin Yalman and others
wanted a British mandate even though Britain had done terrible
things to the Turks during and after the First World War. But Atatürk
rejected ali this advice because he understood that such help could
only be achieved by accepting a new form of foreign control very
much like the Capitulations, which would substantially have limited
the independence that the Turks had fought so hard to achieve. He
understood that complete independence could only be achieved by
one’s own efforts without the direction or control of any other nation
regardless how beneficent such a nation or nations appeared to be.
This does not mean that he was not willing to accept foreign help.
He did get a great deal of foreign help during the Turkish War of
National Liberation; but he understood that such help was offered
and given, not because the givers liked Turks and wanted to help
them, but only because such a role benefited the givers. He did accept
help only when he found that the benefit to the Turks was as great
as the benefit to the givers, and he made sure that the foreign desires
to control and dominate and exploit that went with such help did not
endanger Turkish sovereignty or the independence that Turkey had
just achieved. During the First World War, the Turks received a great
deal of military assistance from their German and Austrian allies, but
because they assumed that the help was given because their allies
liked the Turks, they did not notice how the alliance enhanced the
Germans and Austrians own ambitions for economic controls in
Turkey, for all practical purposes the restoration of the Capitulations.
The Turks also did not see how the alliance enabled the Germans