doğmunun 125. yılında mustafa kemal atatürk - Atatürk Araştırma ...

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M. NAEEM QURESHİ
Nejdis. The Gulf ‘states’ did not count whereas the Central Asia,
having been devoured by Soviet Russia, had virtually moved out of
the Islamic orbit. In the Far East, the Indonesians were having a taste
of the Dutch imperialism while Malaya was a British colony. India,
too, was under the British and though its Muslims had supported
the Turks with the massive Khilafat movement (1918-24) times had
changed. Only the intellectuals and idealists among the Indians now
supported Mustafa Kemal and his reforms. The pan-Islamists had
become largely wary of the Turkish nationalists for discarding the
caliphate. Technically, therefore, only the neighbouring Iran and
Afghanistan were the two ‘independent’ Muslim countries where
reform, particularly the Kemalist version, found an appreciative nod
from the ruling elite. Elsewhere the reaction was mixed.
The most ardent devotee of Mustafa Kemal was King Amanullah
Khan of Afghanistan who had won his independence recently
following the Third Afghan War with the British. Fired by an intense
passion for nationalism bias, the young ruler was intent on imitating
Mustafa Kemal in every way. He had inherited this enthusiasm
for modernization partly from his mother who had liberal outlook
and partly from the example of Turkey. 34 With the rise of Mustafa
Kemal and his nationalists the Turco-Aghan relations took a more
meaningful turn and the Turks promised to help Afghans develop
educationally and militarily. Amanullah’s reforms span two unequal
periods: 1919-27 and 1928-29. During the preliminary phase, his
drive for modernization comprised different strands for which
he hired Egyptian, Turkish, and Indian experts in such areas as
education, communications, health, economy and administration.
Accordingly, he built state-sponsored schools for boys and girls, sent
students abroad for training, and redesigned curricula for securing
better and enlightened talent. 35 The emancipation of women was
Amanullah’s passion and he encouraged young girls to get education
and discard the veil (purdah) 36- He also helped Queen Sorayya, who
34 In a picture taken around 1905, his father, Amir Habibullah Khan, is seen
flanked by his wives, all inwestern clothes. See Leon B. Poullada, Reform and
Rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919-1929 (Ithaca, 1973), 37.
35 Ibid., 239 ff.
36 Roland Wild, Amanullah: Ex-King of Afghanistan (London, 1932), 68; and