doğmunun 125. yılında mustafa kemal atatürk - Atatürk Araştırma ...

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M. NAEEM QURESHİ
him. During the next few days (16-20 June), the Shah attended a
military review and witnessed the proceedings of the assembly
that passed the law on compulsory surnames for all Turks that also
gave Mustafa Kemal his title of Atatürk. 73 From Ankara the Shah
was taken to other parts of the country, including Istanbul where he
was housed at the Dolmabahce Palace, shown military manoeuvres
and then entertained to a sensuous Eastern Nights featuring curvy
belly dancers. 74 Reza Shah was hoping for a military alliance with
Turkey but that did not materialize. However, the relations between
the two countries did improve considerably. Reza Shah was greatly
impressed by what he saw in Turkey and returned home with new
ideas. 75
Reza Shah’s three-fold reform programme was centred on the
cult of nationalism, statism and secularism. He thought that rapid
westernization and development would bring him legitimacy, break
the hold of religion and reduce his vulnerability to imperialist
designs. 76 As a prelude to modernization, Reza Shah extended the
bureaucracy and created a strong the army, winning for it respect of
the people. Thus armed, he took on the ulama to break their hold in
legal and administrative domain by redefining their jurisdiction. The
focal point was educational reform under which he not only tightened
control of the religious seminaries but also established new statesponsored
free modern schools for boys and girls. In higher education,
he concentrated on disciplines like law and politics and sent students
for advanced training abroad. He created the University of Tehran by
amalgamating the existing colleges. Side by side, attention was paid
to trade, industry and agriculture. Trans-Iranian Railway, though
unnecessary economically, brought a certain amount of prestige to
the regime. Urban rebuilding programme gave a modern look to the
cities. Hygiene and sanitation also improved. In social reforms he
ordered women to discard the veil and men to wear the hat. But
Reza Shah lacked the thoroughness required for the success of the
73 Ibid., 248-9.
74 Volkan and Itzkowitz, The Immortal Atatürk, 323-5.
75 Arfa, Under Five Shahs, 252.
76 Amin Banani, The Modernization of Iran (Stanford, 1961), 45.