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ATATURKıSM AND MODERN TURKEY; THEEARLY REFORMS OF ATATURKıSM AND THEPERSPECTıVES TOWARDS THEDEVELOPMENT OF A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1923-1950Berrıhard Tjin Liep SHIE*Central QuestionWith this essay I want to show that the basis for Modern Turkey waslaid in the period of 1923-1950 and that despite several constraints a beginwas made with the actual democratization of the Turkish Society.1923 and 1950 delimit this period, because the former is the yearwhen the Turkish Republic vvas proclaimed, while the latter marks theyear when the Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP) -founder of Modern Turkey-vvas legally put out the center of povver by the Demokrat Parti -theDemocratic party- after the first democratic elections in this country.introductionIt is knovvn that Turkey has evolved from the Othman empire vvhichculminated in 1680. The decline started after a fruitless effort to conquerVienna. Circa 1900 this processs of decline reached its peak: economicallyseen, the country vvas bankrupt, it vvas torn due to social unrest and itvvas mostly in a situation in vvhich there vvas a permanent state of vvarvvith the majority of the surrounding countries.The Europeans then referred to this country as the "ili man" and consideredthe Turks to be barbarians and an incompetent nation. The youngTurks tried to end this desperate situation for the country. After severalfruitless efforts they succeeded in taking över povver in 1908. The movementin vvhich young offıcers vvould later play a central role vvanted to re-Suriname.287