PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

fending laicism and democracy. The leaders of the main parties, MesutYılmaz of Motherland, Tansu Çiller of True Path, Murat Karayalçın ofthe Social Popülist Party and Deniz Baykal of the Republican People'sParty are examples of these politicians. In this respect, the appointment ofMümtaz Soysal, one of the authors of the 1961 Constitution and the proponentof Kemalist foreign policy, as the Minister of Foreign Affairs inAugust 1994 can be regarded as a proper step toward advancing the principlesof Kemalism. The confrontation of the nevv Young Turks vvith contemporaryreligious fundamentalism is reminiscent of the Liberation War.The struggle novv as it vvas then is to ensure national unity, and to protectlaicism, republican principles and Kemalist reforms.The young political leaders of today must dravv their povver fromsupporters of laicism and must assert the importance of national sovereignty,not by military means, but by democratic methods. The fears ofRuşen Çakır about a possible military overthrovv of a Welfare governmentis very unlikely unless terrorism increases or another overseas attacktakes place 9 . The vievvs of Tansu Çiller on a future military coupd'etat, as expressed to Le Figaro nevvspaper on 22 July 1994 vvere thatshe didn't believe it possible, as democratic povvers had never beenstronger in Turkey. She furthered that the army vvould not interfere vviththe democratic desicions of the people, as Turkey had indeed reachedsuch a stage of political maturity, and that the army is not intent to impededemocracy 10 .If one accepts this, one can refute the statement by Michel Bozdemirthat "since 1950 the distinguished leaders of the civilian population,vvhenever brought to manage the state, have not been able to manage theprogress of the political order according to the parliamentary codes" 11 .The political leaders have faced overthrovv by military coups three timesbecause they have taken on the responsibility of reforms and have implementedthem. For the Kemalists to allovv such a reaction again, a seriousdanger such as the reintroduction of Sharia vvill have to arise. Therefore,the struggle of the Turkish youth novv should be "vvith the people, for thepeople", rather than the old "against the people, for the people".In this struggle Europe bears responsibility as vvell. As a consequenceof Kemalist principles enacted Turkey made an application formembership to the E.E.C on 1 December 1964. and on 13 December1995 its entry to the Customs Union vvas confırmed. After reapplying formembership to the EU on 14 April 1987. Turkey faced internal conflictsas some Turks expressed preference for economic union vvith the Müslim9. Ruşen Çakır, loc. cit., p. 130.10. Le Figaro 22 July 1994: Claude Lorieux and 'Isoler Ankara c'est faire le nid des islamisies'.11. Michel Bozdemir, "Societe çivile versus societe militaire en Turquie", in Thobie etSungur Kancal'dır. Industrialisation, communication et rapports sociaux. loc. cit., p.405-406.325