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He gave up the idea of maintaining the integrity of the heterogenousOttoman Empire, and he raised the idea of a state aiming at the transformationof the Turkish traditional ways of life and institutions as a necessaryinternal parallel to the defence of the survival and preserving the independenceof the Turkish nation-state 3 .Although not proclaimed until October 29th, 1923, the republic wasimplicit in a series of measures implemented by Mustafa Kemal in thecourse of the armed struggle for the Turkish independence. Thus the creationof the Grand National Assembly in Ankara in 1920 after the shortlivedOttoman Parliament in istanbul is worth mentioning. The formerbody adopted a large number of resolutions and laws intended to makecertain that the emerging republican state would be built on entirely newprinciples.As I have noted elsevvhere "...the newly forming state in Anatoliawould not have been able to exist either in the form of, or with content ofsome sort of monarchy or Ottoman Sultanate, if it were to remain operativein the long run. On the contrary, a vigorous, modern and internallystrong republican Turkey was the only long-run perspective and possibilityfor the Turkish nation and state" 4 .3. See Çaycı, Abdurrahman, Atatürk ve Tarih Boyutu İçinde Çağdaşlaşma. In: AtatürkAraştırma Merkezi Dergisi. Volume 6, No 16, 1989, p. 59-60. See also Eroğlu, Hamza,Atatürk ve Cumhuriyet, Ankara 1989, p. 22-38.4. Zimovâ, N., The formative roots of the Turkish republican state. In: Rapports, Corapports,communications tchecoslovaques pour le IV. Congres de l'Associatiorı Internationaled'Etudes du Sud-Est Europeen, Praha 1977, p. 492.49