PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

ciliation. The historical record continues to fuel new symbols and initiatives- from memorials in the three countries to the ex-servicemen contactsof the past, to the Republie's generosity so far as the transfer of AnzacCove (Ari Burni) is concerned, to the dedication of Atatürk Reach,Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra and to the memorial in Anzac Way betvveenthe Australian Parliament House and the War Memorial. These alicontribute to the grovving mutual interest in various aspects of our sharedhistory.There are other similarities betvveen Canberra and Ankara, the tvvonational capitals. Both are inland, both largely artifıcial creations of nevvnational governments symbolizing central authority, a modern refleetionof nation-building and the site of Parliament Houses and such national institutionsand memorials as the Australian War Memorial Museum andtomb of the recently re-interred Australian Unknovvn Soldier from the1916-18 battlefıelds of France. Ankara has its povverful Atatürk Mausoleumand evocative War of independence Museum. Canberra and Ankaraare both to a greater or lesser extent planned and both have been cordiallydetested by many diplomats and civil servants compelled to move fromthe fleshpots and other attractions of istanbul and Sydney/Melbourne tothe cold uplands of pastoral plateaus 20 .In both capitals there are memorials to the Great War and its aftermath.Every Turkish tovvn and school has its büst or statue of Atatürk:every Australian city, tovvn and village has its vvar memorial rangingfrom the shrines of the capital cities to the stone diggers of suburb andcountryside. Then, too, the British and Empire obelisks on the GallipoliPeninsula have been recently complemented, nearly seventy years later,by Turkish symbols of their victorious struggle.Until the ereetion of the great Turkish monument at Morto Bay in1965 there vvas only one surviving memorial to the victorious troops, thatof Sergeant Mehemet's valiant last stand at The Nek. Novv, hovvever, memorialsof Atatürk and plinths vvith his utterances dot the crucial areas,valiant and humane deeds are remembered in sculpture and, most significantand intriguing of ali to an historian, tvvo large memorial gardens vvithheadstones, but no aetual graves, at Helles and Anzac commemorate thefallen from every region of modern Turkey in a national attempt to rememberboth one of the seminal origins of the nevv Republie, the sacrifıcesof the martyrs and the ongoing need for modern national unity 21 .So much for the dead. What of contemporary parallels and difficulties?Both states have problems vvith minorities. In Australia's case it is20. Lack, John, (ed.) Anzac Remembered. The Selected Writings of K.S. Inglis, Melbourne,1998; Inglis K.S., Sacred Places. War Memorials in the Australian Landscape,Melbourne, 1998.21. Personal observation, Gallipoli Peninsula, 27-29 October 1998.695