PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

After the ousting of the invaders Turkey became an arena for farreachingdescussions, especially the right-wing opposition vvas active, itexpressed the interests of feudals and clerical circles, vvhich stood in oppositionagainst the rights defence sociaty vvith Kemal Atatürk himself atthe head. The opposing parties tried to recognize the rights of the Turkey,Sultan and his goverment. In order to put an end to the opposition partiesantinational activity the Turkish great national assembly decided to accusethe Sultan goverment members vvith a charge of high treason, andliguidate Sultan's povver altogether. This issue vvas under discussion inthree commissons simultaneously constitutional, lavv and Shariat. Theclergy representatives vvere against cancellation of the Sultan povver,vievving it as encroachment against religion. In order to free himself ofthis charge Mustafa Kemal came out vvith a great speech on the history ofislam, Arab haliphat and Osmans. When the three commissions joint sessionvvas held vvith Mufrid-Efendi as the chairman, the bili on Sultanpovver and haliphat liguidation cancelled, opposition vvon, hovvever,Mustafa Kemal made a speech for a second time, in vvhich he soundedmost argumentative against this fruitless discussion. These argumentsvvere so important, that they may be accepted as the fundamental statutesin the cause of the future. Turkish state constitutional legislative construction,"Dear Sirs-he said-vve ought to remember sovereignty and nobodycan be given povver in the result of academic discussion. Sovereignty acquisitionis possible through forceful actions, or, it may be said, throughviolence. Through violence, by force did Osman's children acquire povveröver ali Turks, for över six centuries did they domineer över this nation.At present this nation has risen against its usurpers, it claims to achievevvhat belongs to it by the right of sovereignty. We are vvitnessing thefact... İf you vvho are gathered here-commissions together or separately -realized and savv this, in my opinion the nation acted vvorthily. In anothercase the truth vvill speak for itself. In this case several heads may "flyaway" altogether. When Mustafa Kemal started to discuss the theologicalside of this question, one deputy from Ankara, Hoja Mustafa Efendi interrupted him. "Excuse me, vve have been discussing this question froman absolutely different vievvpoint. Novv vve understand."Bili on Sultan liquidation vvas adopted on November, 1, 1922, and atthe great assembly Haliphat sessation from Sultanat vvas approved. Bythe same Bili the vvhole povver vvas fransferred to the national assembly;as a compensation nevv Caliph election vvas allovved only from the circleof Osman dynasty. On November, 17, 1922, Sultan Mehmed VI furfıvelyleft istanbul, and on November, 18 Prince Abdul Mejid vvas inauguratedcaliph and he vvas recognized caliph of the vvhole muslim vvorld, vvhichfact had just a nominal significance.304