PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

People's Party- that could do so up to then. It is understandable that insuch a political climate not too rapid a growth of democratic opinionswill occur.Economics reformsAt the start of the new republic it already had ali economic characteristicsof a developing country: among other things a economy that doesnot grow, a negative balance of payment, very great differences betvveenrich and poor. Furthermore more than 60% of the labour force vvorkedin the agricultural sector, of which the greater part as small-scale farmerswho produced mainly with simple means particularly for theirovvn consumption and they vvere exploited by the landovvning class.Moreover the country had a poorly developed industry and infrastructureand it vvas economically dependent on foreign countries, especially onEurope.This had to be tackled vvith immediately. The state vvas assigned acentral role in reforming the economy. Economic independence of foreigncountries vvas the aim. As a part of this policy enterprises vvere nationalizedand national companies vvere set up to increase industrial production.The state vvas forced to take the lead in doing this, because thevveak private sector could not use the space oered to set up enterprises itself.Around 1951 51% of the industrial production came from stateovvnedenterprises. industry had been boosted heavily, also because incomeof the rural areas vvas allocated for investment in industry. The infrastructure,particularly to improve industrial development, vvas dealtvvith seriously. Private individuals vvere more successful in small-scalehandicraft enterprises, mainly producing utensils, simple agriculturaltools and other handicraft products. From times immemorial istanbul hadbeen the main center oef these activities. It vvould be among other thingsthis group in the urban centres vvhere democratic vievvs vvould grovv. Theopposite vvas the case vvith the great masses in rural areas vvhere reformsof the Republic hardly got through. Then for a long time people had beenat the mercy of the landovvning class and the skimming practices of thegovernment vvith respect to industry.The ongoing economic reform in the neighbouring U.S.S.R. servedas a model in realizing economic reforms. Working vvith five year plansand the strong ties of the reformers vvith the only political party permittedvvere the things taken över from this model among other things. This oftenresulted in not putting the right man on the right place vvith ali its consequencesfor the economic process. A democratic tradition cannot developpositively in such a sphere vvhere officers dominate.290