PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

STATE-SOCıETY RELATıONSHıP ıN TURKEYAND ıNDıA: A COMPARATıVE STUDYDr. Arshi KHAN*Study of state and society essentially involves study of interactionbetvveen different structure and sub-structures of society and the structureof the state. Specially study of relationship betvveen these two — state andsociety is under the process of revival in the recent decades. It was a majörfocus of a philosophical-cum-political discourse in later part of 18thcentury and at in 19th century. It is again getting a strong ground of academicdebate and discussion in order to examine the nature of interactionbetween the two. The project of modernity and the overarching role of thestate have by and large undermined the importance of society. Bipolarityhas been created betvveen state at one end and society on the other. Thereis no mediating space betvveen these tvvo. In real situation bipolarity hasbeen challenged time and again. Indeed it has become an obligation for ademocratic state to promote the possibility of coherence and interactionbetvveen the state and society. A democratic state exists for society vvhichimplies that government rests on the consent of the governed. In othervvords, consent or dissent of the people shall have outlets for democraticexpression on various occasions such as in periodic elections, in conferences,in press, and in public demonstrations.Success of a democratic polity depends upon the nature and vvorkingof the government vvhich is the state's machinery having supreme authorityto make and enforce lavvs. One of the emerging tasks of a democraticgovernment is the unavoidable obligation of securing compliance betvveenstate and society. Perhaps this vvas the main reason vvhich motivatedpublic mass against colonial authority, dictators and monarchial rules.It is significant to note that many Afro-Asian countries sought to builddemocratic polity on the debris of colonialism and imperialism. India isone among them vvhich singled out its objective of building secular, federal-democracyin the country. Whereas Turkey, having a quite distinctexperiences from the Western vvorld, dismantled the institutions of Sultanateand Caliphate to introduce republican regime in the country. Unlike* Hamdard University, Nevv Delhi.653