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nist magazine, carried several arrticles on Sept. 27th, titled as 'Celebratingthe Turkish Nationalist Force's Victory'. In the later issues of 1922,articles such as 'Turkey and the International Imperialists', acclaimed theTurkish People who, led by 'the Great General with courage and insight',set the best example for the oppressed nations ali över the world'. (JunYu: 1922) News comment in 'The Eastern Miscellany' reported nearlyevery big events vvhich took place in Turkey and the neighbor areas, especiallythe process of the Conference in Lausanne, vvith 2 articles on thePeace Treaty praising the peace in the Near East based on maintaining theindependence and sovereighty of Turkey as 'the hearld of the vvorldpeace'. (You Xiong: 1923) From 1923 to 1947, there had been long articlesand short comments on modern Turkey and Atatürk in nearly everyissue of 'The Eastern Miscellany'. The contents vvere various, includingreforms, industry and modernization rograms, nevv economic achievements,nevv regulations on transportation and duty, changes of the Cabinet,vvomen's progress, nevv treaty about the Straits, national defense andpolicies of foreign affairs of the Republic of Turkey. Four articles amongthem vvere about Atatürk himself, extolling him as 'the founder of NevvTurkey' and recalling his contributions as the first president of Turkey afterhis death in 1938. (Jing Ru:1938; Wu Zeyan:1939).One of the characteristics of Chinese 'nevv historiography' thatemerged in the early 20th century is the avvareness of national progressand modernization. its first monograph is 'Nevv Turkey', vvhich revievvedthe vvhole process of Turkish transformation from the Ottoman Empire toa modern nation-state, vvritten by Liu Keshu, then a young historian, vvhobelieves his book could 'arouse the masses of the Chinese people' tomodernize China, It is in this book that the term 'modernization', defınedearlier by the famous Turkish nationalist thinker, Ziya Gökalp, and prevailedin the Western literatüre several decades later, appeared first inChina. In 1935, a nevv book, 'A History of Turkey', vvritten by Zhao Jingyuan,another historian, vvas published in Shanghai, then the most developedmetropolis in China.Also in 1935, China and Turkey established diplomatic relations atthe legation level. The nex year, a monthly magazine published in Beijing(then named 'Beiping'), titled as Foreign Affairs, gave the 'Special Issuefor Turkish Studies' vvhich consisted of 6 columns including articles onTurkish history and geography, home politics and foreign affairs, economyand society. Some of these articles vvere vvritten by scholars, othersvvere by the offıcials of Chinese legation in Turkey including the ministerand the minister-counsellor. The editorial preface of this issue comparedthe signifıcance of the rejuvenation of Turkey vvith the rise of Soviet Union,holding Turkey in great esteem as a latent peace defender and theleading country in the Middle East, and as a good example of China inthe socio-economic reconstruction. The preface emphasized that the Sino-670