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countries. The economic policy of Özal in the 1980's pursued this aim 12 .The Welfare Party, spearheading this movement allowed its presidentŞevket Kazan, to refer to the E.E.C. as "The Christian Club formedamongst Christian countries according to the will of the Pope" 13 .Tansu Çiller has emphasized the dangers of Islamism in Turkey byreminding the people that "the Islamists are using Europe's negativestance towards Turkey and the economic situation to their political advantage.I take on the responsibility of setting the economy right. Hovvever,Turks are a proud nation and if the E.E.C. continues to reject. Turkey'spublic reaction vvill only develop to be used by the Islamists. At this stageour European friends can be effective (...) If the West doesn't do what isnecessary Islamic regimes at the threshold of Europe vvill threatenpeace" 14 . On vvhether Turkey vvill remain laic or take up a religious regimethe speculations of Bernard Levvis have been that "both choices areviable and the decisions of Europe vvill be effective. Turkey has appliedfor entry to the E.E.C., and the response to this vvill bear significant consequences.If Turks feel rejected by a Europe they have oriented to forseveral centuries, they may shift their allegiances" 15 . In other vvords, inthe event of Turkey's joining the European Union, it could be assumedthat Islamists vvill lose povver. Hence, Turkey must shovv its strength in itsstruggle for advance.Beyond the issue of preventing the dangers posed by the resurgenceof Islamism, Turkey plays a balancing role betvveen islam and Christianityin vital East-West interaction. The collapse of the former Soviet Union,the uncertainty of ties vvith Iraq, and the West's rejection of Iranshovvs Turkey to be the sole povver and basis of peace and stability in thearea 16 . In this respect, Turkey has established the "Black Sea EconomicCo-operation Organisation". At a time vvhen the tensions betvveen Muslims,Jevvs and Christians is mounting, Turkey being the only truly laiccountry among the Müslim countries, can be effective in the maintenanceof conciliatory and vvarm relations betvveen the great religions. Turkeyhas already created a most effective reconciliation betvveen islam. Kemalismand the modern vvorld, vvhile constituting a model of laic democracyfor the Müslim World. The aim of joining the E.E.C. is justified by thenation's desire to be a modern and civilised one. Europe vvill either makeuse of Turkey's stance or vvill push it to seek "a nevv identity" 17 . Turkey's12. Valene Morel, La Turquie entre l'Europe et l'Asie, maitrise d'etudes europennes,Basma. Kodmani-Danvish yönetimindeki tez, Marne la Valle Üniversitesi, 1993, p.9.13. Alain Louyot, loc. cit., p. 107.14. Le Figaro 22 July 1994.15. Le Monde 6 November 1993: Professor Bernard Levvis.16. Dominique Lagarde, "La Turquie entre reve d'Orient et reve d'Occident", in AraimesSummer, 1994, p. 16-17.17. Dominique Lagarde, loc. cit., p. 20.326