PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

Hovvever, it is argued that State is a socio-cultural phenomenon inTurkey as it constitutes a distinct sector of the society 17 . But TurkishState's attitude tovvards Kurdish problem, ideological groups, particularlyreligious groups and religious traditions can be understood as either toorigid or uncompromising institution of povver. Such a tendency promotesdemocratic discontent and widens gap betvveen the state and effectedsegments of society. National unity can be better achieved throughmaximum compliance and acceptability of each other. Closure of thevvelfare party and restrictions on Kurdish parties are the result of politicalrigidity enforced by Kemalism. The Turkish state needs to be consideratetovvards existing social realities for a more harmonious society andpolity.Paradoxically the Indian Constitution has enumerated many importantprovisions to accommodate regional demands/localism and to protectminority rights. Besides giving primacy to national unity and integrity,Indian State has provided autonomy and rights to various demandsgroups. It is the uniqueness of Indian democracy that has sustained itselfin the midst of federal structure, sharp social cleavages and large scale violence.But at the same time the Indian Establishment is accused of playingdouble Standard vvhen it comes to deal vvith Indian Muslims and otherdeprived sections of society. It has appeared to be strong enough to dealvvith terrorism and violence in certain affected areas vvhereas it has beenlargely soft to the majority community in communal riots and violenceagainst Muslims and caste vvar against the Scheduled Castes. Role ofState in communal conflicts needs to be a neutral order enforcementagency but in India there are instances vvhen State neutrality has beencompromised as in the case of Ayodhya dispute. This is evident from JudicialCommissions, Poliçe Commission's reports, media, civil and humanright groups. This lacunae seems to be absent in Turkey.Poliçe and bureaucracy are being politicized. Marginal proportion ofMuslims' representation in education, employment and media has furtherencouraged bureaucracy, and poliçe to play a partisan role in maintaininglavv and order. Moreover, tremendous grovvth of the Hindu rightist party ~the BJP, grovving political influence of its associated groups and theirHindutva construct of Indian federal nation have posed a serious challengeto the Indian Establishment and society. Thus the rise of the BJP isdetrimental to democracy and secularism in India. Hovvever, the Indianspirit of federal nation and democracy is expected to thvvart Hindutva. Inthe vvords of Myron Weiner, "India in 1947 appeared to be among theleast likely country to sustain democratic institutions in the context offour theories (based on political culture, sharp social cleavages, socioeconomicdeterminants of democratic institutions and Barrington17. İbid., p. 134.666