PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

Mustafa Kemal became, in fact, the founder and organizer of thenew staty of Turkey.In 1922 a number of measures vvere taken to strengthen the authorityand tho weaken the Sultan supporters' circles.In 1923 Mustafa Kemal published nine principles of the national partyorganization. These principles declare the independence of Turkeyform foreign states, also, provided for protection of justice and lavv in thecountry, it also recognized creation of favourable conditions for successfulimplementation of radical reforms in every part of Turkish social life.These principles became profram documents for the national party, theyprovided for its success in the elections.In the Great national Assembly elections national party vvon 263seats out of 286.On August, 13, 1923 Mustafa Kemal vvas elected the head of theTurkish State, and Fekhti Ali-bey became head of government.Despite the fact that Turkey starting on a road of state republicanrule a long time age, stili, declaration of Turkey as a republic vvas connectedvvith great diffîculties. Crerical circles and feudals close to themopposed it strongly.On December, 29, 1923, Mustafa Kemal presented a draft composedof three articles to the national party and mejlis for discussion:1. The Turkish state government form-republic.2. The highest legislative body of the Turkish state-the Turkish greatnational assembly.3. The council of ministers in the executive body of the Turkish stategoverment. This draft vvas approved and adopted by mejlis on the sameday. The opposition could not contradict them.Turkey declaration as an offıcial republic vvas Mustafa KemalAtatürk's one more great victory. The republican government form vvasjuridically formulated, and Mustafa Kemal declared it in Anatolia onApril, 23, 1920, Mustafa Kemal became the first president of Turkey, andismet Pasha organised the first government.On the very next day of declaring the rebuplic the question of Caliphatearose. Mustafa Kemal made speeches in different regions of thecountry bringing arguments for Caliphate being absolete, theocratic regimebeing baseless, this helped that part of population, vvho lived in rela-305