PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

of law and state. So the society was a tool of state and ali the human resourceswere now under the state control. Several slogans like "the socialistindustrialization", "agrarian collectivization", forced individuals to renouncetheir properties, and privileges. So the individuals were forced torenounce the economic liberty, their initiatives, things that are fundamentalfor the ongoing processes of a modern society, and which are consideredas natural rights of individuals.The totalitarian communist regime made a radical change. Everythingthat in a modern state belongs to the society and private sector wasturned into subject activity of parties and state-party. So every aspect ofsocial life and intellectual and cultural activities was control subject ofparty and state. A totalitarian regime was the contrary side of a liberaldemocratics tate with its individuals in center and base.The marxism-leninism indoctrination that grew up on the basis of aclass struggle gave some divine features to the state control. Changingevery aspect of individual life and keeping individuals much connected tothe state vanishing one of most important features of individuals-their"self-existence" the totalitarian regimes created their own "political culture".This was a political culture of a forced and blind obedience of spiritualand mental dividining. In such a context by, the totalitarian regime,state and government were as "closely allied" as "distant" to the mass ofpeople. "Closely allied" because the individuals were forced to expecteverything by the government. "Distant" because the individuals weresubject of state-party control that dissapointed them feeding only with theso called general welfare that consisted in lack of wide consume dailygoods. Pretentions of individuals on governmental system remained unfoldedand their responsibilities could'nt take the legal institutional colourbased on self-organization, self-dicipline, moral respect vvithin the society.The end of the totalitarian system shovved the falsiety of the regimeslogans, like "the creation of new individual". The explosion of an "absoluteliberty" that sometime was understood as destruction of public buildings,made clear to everyone that the so-called "culture & public behavior"or "order & silence" were only slogans imposed to the people.During the transition the democratic rule suffered the impact of the totalitarianpolitical culture claimed in the above-mentioned aspects of life;like a) in the closely allied relations between government & individuals,b) in a kind of ambiguity towards the government and its staff, c) in respectlessfeelings towards the government and legal-state, 7) in hardness,behavior that sometimes passed every limit and changed into extremism.Involving on further events, development in Turkey we could saythat Atatürk's reforms were fundamental for a ne w political culture thatreflected later on the functions of a modern state. However the formationof a political culture went on gradually, at the time when different things44