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and realism at the level of the evaluation of the balance of povver and themanagement of international relations.II. Turkey in the cold warThe neutralist policy inaugurated by Atatürk was duly followed byhis successor, İsmet İnönü, until the end of the second world war.Immediately after the end of the second world war, its territorial sovereignetybeing threatened by the expansionist views of the Soviet Union,Turkey got the protection of the United States, entered the cold war as apart of the Western bloc and became a NATO member in 1953. Thechoice made by Turkey was not only tactical but also affective as the political,economical and cultural anchoring to the West constituted one ofthe fıındamental targets laid down to the Republic by its founder.The cold war provided then to the Turkish Republic the conceptualframework by which was expressed its political and social choices untilits end.Hovvever, the entry of Turkey in the cold vvar opened, betvveen 1950and 1963, a highly controversial period for its diplomacy, mainly regardingits policy towards the third vvorld and the Middle East."In Turkey proper, as stated by Kemal Karpat, a number of people,espacially contemporaries of Atatürk vvho were faithfull to his neutralistpolicy objected to membership in NATO if in exchange Turkey assumedobligations incompatible with her interests in the Middle East". 2From about 1950 to 1963, Turkish diplomacy conformed strictly tothe line of policy defıned by the United States and to an approach of theproblems and the evolution of the Middle East viewed through the americanprism of East-West competition.In this context Turkey appeared as the fırst muslim country to recognisethe State of Israel and to establish diplomatie relations with it. Evenit Turkey, given its internal political tendencies, was more in accordancewith Israel than with the Arab countries, the nature of its relations with Israelwas more in accordance with the requirements of the vvestern alliancethan with its proper national interest in the area.Moreover, as far as the Turkish political deciders are concerned, theyshowed a complete misunderstanding of political developments and ofthe nature of the evolution that affected the arab vvorld. This was in great2. Karpat, Kemal H., Turkey's Foreign Policy in Transition: 1950-1974, E.J. Brill, Leiden,1975, P. 116.604