PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

tively bad canditions, to share the essence of Mustafa Kemal policy. Populationunderstood, that Haliphat already belonged to history, but MustafaKemal was a great supporter of Islamic religion, and it vvas his greatdesert, that the 2nd article of the provisional constitution of 1921 said:"the offıcial religion of the Turkish state is islam", the great national assemblymejlis adopted it vvithout debates. This article entered the 1924constitution in an unchanged form.In 1924 Caliphate vvas cancelled, likevvise in the same year vacaf'sand Shairat's ministry vvas also cancelled. It vvas replaced by ahead offıceof religious cults, vvho undertook the management of mosques, they hadthe right to give posts or to dismiss imams, sheiks the head of the head offıcevvas appointed by President at the presentation of the cabinet of ministers,and he vvas subjected to the council of ministers.Shariat courts vvere gradually liquidated and they vvere replaced bycivil courts. Thus, under the vvise leadership of Kemal Atatürk Turkey byits home and foreign policy gradually became a civil state.Ali these changes vvere depicted in the Turkish republican constitution,adopted by the great national assembly on April, 20, 1924.According to the Turkish Constitution the vvhole povver belonged topeople.The constitution of 1924 endovved President vvith great povver. Hevvas the commander-in-chief of armed forces, received diplomatic representationof foreign countries, appointed the chairman of the council ofministers, signed the bills adopted by the great national assembly, hovvever,president like ali other deputees, vvas responsible to the great nationalassemble,At Kemal Atatürk's initiative Turkey vvas divided into provinces, regions,villages, ete.At the same time, it is thanks to Kemal Atatürk that the Turkish consittutionfınally introduced such general for mankid principles as a person'sinviolability, freedom of consciousness and elision, freedom ofspeech and press, inviolability of personal property.The constitdution strengthend the general character of the state goverment,carried out centralization of authorities, vvhich became a turningpoint for the Young Turkish state.Kemal Atatürk's one of the greatest success vvas the introduction ofa ne w civil code in 1925, on the result of vvhich Turkey once and for aliput an end to the mediaeval norms of life.306