PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

north-eastern states, Assam, are attributed to the mismanagement of theCentre. The Centre or Union Government of India has enacted strict lawsto eontroi vioienee and terrorism. These laws have been criticized on humanitarianground. But these criticisms cannot be and ought not to be thebasis of execuse to deny democratic spirit of the Constitution.Accommodation of diversities is quite evident from constitutionalprovisions vvhich underline the merits of fundamental rights and rights ofreligious minorities to maintain their socio-cultural and educational prerogatives.As a result, many minority based educational institutions vvereestablished. Minorities are also given freedom to follovv up their respectivepersonal lavvs and religious codes. On the other hand, ScheduledCastes and Scheduled Tribes, who are historically and socially deprivedand depressed people, have been provided vvith their "secured reservations"in educational institutions, employments, promotion and in electedbodies. Similarly debate is going on for reservations for vvomen in electedbodies and jobs. Main purpose has been the empovverment of people andelimination of inequalities. Therefore, there has been a positive trend tovvardsbuilding state-society relationship.Political Parties and Participatory PoliticsPolitical parties are unavoidable aspects of democracy. Their institutionalizationhas facilitated participatory politics. In fact, political partiesplay important part in bridging gap betvveen elites and masses and in integratingpeople vvith the state. Political parties have also been catalysts inthe democratization process of Turkey and India. Democracy and politicalparticipation is sustained through the involvement of more than onepolitical party in seeking people's mandate. Huntington said, "modernState is distinguished from the traditional State by broadened extent tovvhich people participate in politics ... The most fundamental aspect ofpolitical modernization ... is the participation in politics beyond the villageor tovvn level by social groups throughout the society and the developmentof nevv political institutions, such as political parties, to organizethat participation 4 .TurkeyThe decision of the ruling Republican People's Party in 1945 to allovvopposition party and competitive elections vvas a majör breakthroughin the history of Turkish democracy. The Democrat Party, established in1946, took a great lead in the democratization process of electoral politics,government formation and governance. The Democrats emphasizedlocal initiatives and satisfaction of people at the grassroots level. They initiateda strong movement against statists and centrists including military-4. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven, 1968,p.36.658