PDF Dosyası - Ankara Üniversitesi Kitaplar Veritabanı

From the perspective of this success story of efficient adaptation ofTurkey to new domestic and international challanges, it is not easy to understandsome of those political scientists vvho, after the refusal of theTurkish application of 1987 for full membership of the European Community,predicted nevv alliances for Turkey in order to avoid isolation.Philip Robins of the Royal Institute of International Affairs suggestedeven more than one option: pan-Turkism, that is, leadership of a pan-Turkic community of states, or pan-Islam, that is a majör role in the IslamicConference Organization M . Turkey very soon invalidated these predictionsby signing the Black Sea Convention of Economic Cooperation,demonstrating that it does not feel confıned to those options. Moreover,vvith the customs union of 1996 vvith the European Union, Turkeybrought to an end ali the pessimistic speculations about its future relationsvvith Europe. Moreover, the World Trade Organisation assertedvery recently that Turkey had derived considerable benefıts from the farreachingstructural economic reforms undertaken to comply vvith the customsunion vvith the EU 35 . According to the WTO report, Turkey hasadopted to EU's common external tariff on most industrial imports andeliminated ali import surcharges. Furthermore, it has brought a number oflavvs into line vvith EU rules in such vvide-ranging areas as customs provision,export credits, competition policy, subsidies, intellectual propertyrights, industrial standards and food hygiene.CONCLUSıONSIn one of his highly revealing revievv articles on Turkish affairs AndrewMango drevv attention to the sudden change in the perception ofTurkey by the international community. Referring to David Barchard'sBook "Turkey and the West" 36 , published 1985, Mango observed that"Writing before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, David Barchard, anexperienced and vvell-informed Turkey-vvatcher, vvondered vvhether Turkeyvvould follovv the Iberian, the Korean, the Mexican, the Neo-Ottoman,the Latin American or the Marxist model. That Turkey vvas about tobecome itself a model vvas not foreseen 37 . Indeed, even after the fail of theBerlin Wall there vvere observers like Philip Robins vvho hastely contendedthat "a rapidly changing international order ...is likely to affect Turkeymore than most states, almost exclusively in a negative sense" 38 . In spiteof these prematüre predictions, the current global financial crisis and theeconomic turmoil in Russia disclosed the fact that Turkey is virtually the34. Philip Robins, Turkey and the Middl East (Clatham House Papers, The Royal Instituteof International Affairs). New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1991.35. Francis VVilliams, "Trade Liberalisation Pays off for Turkey", Financial Times,14.10.1998, p. 5.36. David Barchard, Turkey and the West. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.37. Andrevv Mango, "The Turkish Model", Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 29, No. 4, (October1993), pp. 726-757, cit. p. 726.38. Op. cit., p. 116.771